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The fracture mechanics of biological and bioinspired materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2019

J. William Pro  and
Francois Barthelat
J. William Pro
Affiliation:
McGill University, Canada; [email protected]
Francois Barthelat
Affiliation:
McGill University, Canada; [email protected]
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Abstract

Biological materials such as bone, teeth, and nacre boast remarkable structures and toughening mechanisms, many of them unmatched by engineering materials. In these materials, fracture toughness is key to fulfill critical structural functions and achieve high strength, reliability, robustness, damage tolerance, and notch performance. In this article, we review and discuss some of the main toughening strategies found in hard biological materials. In particular, we underline a “universal” strategy where well-defined microarchitectures, stiff building blocks, and weak interfaces operate in synergy to resist crack propagation. These natural materials have been inspiring the development of a myriad of synthetic materials that duplicate some of these features at the nanoscale and at larger scales. While recent materials show impressive properties, duplication of the architectures and mechanisms seen in natural materials still presents formidable challenges.

Keywords

fracturecompositetoughnessbiomimetics (assembly)
Type
Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 44 , Issue 1: Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites , January 2019 , pp. 46 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

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