Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T10:54:47.202Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vanadium Additions to a High-Cr White Iron and its Effects on the Abrasive Wear Behavior.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2020

Alexeis Sánchez ,
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde ,
Francisco V. Guerra  and
I. Mejía
Alexeis Sánchez
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
Francisco V. Guerra
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
I. Mejía
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

From the present study, vanadium additions up to 6.4% were added to a 14%Cr-3%C white iron, and the effect on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analysed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand moulds to obtain bars of 18, 25, and 37 mm thickness. The alloys were characterized by optical and electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900°C for 45 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under a load of 60 N for 1500 m. The results show that, vanadium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming primary vanadium carbides; thus, decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 20% for the iron with 6.4%V;but overall CVF content (M7C3 + VC) is constant at 30%. Wear behaviour was better for the heat-treated alloys and mainly for the 6.4%V iron. Such a behaviour is discussed in terms of the CVF, the amount of vanadium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 5 , Issue 59-60: International Materials Research Congress XXIX , 2020 , pp. 3077 - 3089
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020, published on behalf of Materials Research Society by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Tabrett, C.P, Sare, I.R., and Gomashchi, M.R., Microstructure-Property Relationships in High-Chromium White Iron Alloys, International Materials Reviews, 41 (1996) 59–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Microstructure of vanadium-, niobium- and titanium-alloyed high-chromium white cast irons, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 13 (2001) 343–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Guerra, F., Mejía, I. and Vera, U., Niobium additions to a 15%Cr-3%C white iron and its effects on the microstructure and on abrasive wear behaviour, Metals, 9 (2019) 1321–1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guerra, F., Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Zuno-Silva, J., Mejía, I., Cardoso, E. and Arenas, A., Effect of the simultaneous Ti and W addition and the microstructure and wear behaviour of a high-chromium white iron, Metallurgical Research and Technology, 116 (2019) 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cortes, E., Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Mejía, I., Zuno-Silva, J., Zepeda, C. M. and Guerra, F. V., Effect of tungsten on the microstructure and on the abrasive wear behaviour of a high-chromium white iron, Wear, 376–377 (2017) 77–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Guerra, F. V., Mejía, I., Zuno-Silva, J. and Rainforth, M.W., Abrasive wear of V-Nb-Ti alloyed high-chromium white irons, Wear, 332–333 (2015) 1006–1011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhi, X., Xing, J., Fu, H. and Xiao, B., Effect of niobium on the as-cast microstructure of hypereutectic high-chormium cast iron, Materials Letters, 62 (2008) 857–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scandian, C., Boher, C., de Mello, J.B. and Rezai-Arai, F., Effect of Molybdenum and chromium contents in sliding wear of high-chromium white cast irons: The relationship between microstructure and wear, Wear, 267 (2009) 401–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Correa, R., Quezada, J. and Maldonado, C., Effect of titanium on the as-cast microstructure of a 16% chromium white iron, Materials Science and Engineering A, 398 (2005) 297–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Correa, R., Mejía, I., Quezada, J. and Rainforth, W.M., The effect of titanium on the wear behaviour of a 16%Cr white cast iron under pure sliding, Wear, 263 (2007) 808–820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filipovic, M., Kamberovic, Z. and Korac, M., Solidification of high-chromium white cast iron alloyed with vanadium, Materials Transactions, 52 (2011) 386–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filipovic, M., Romhaunji, E. and Kamberovic, Z., Chemical composition and morphology of M7C3 eutectic carbide in high chromium white cast iron alloyed with vanadium, ISIJ International, 52 (2012) 2200–2204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, L., Xiao, F., Wang, Y, Liang, C., Sun, G. and Liao, B., Effect of vanadium on microstructure and wear resistance of Ni-Cr alloyed cast iron, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 26 (2013) 176–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohammadnezhad, M., Javaheri, V., Shamanian, M., Naseri, M. and Bahrami, M., Effects of vanadium addition on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of Ni-Hard4 white cast iron, Materials and Design, 49 (2013) 888–893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Y., Li, X., Liu, S., Zhou, S. and Dang, X., Microstructure and properties of Ti-Nb-V-Mo-alloyed high-chromium cast irons, Bulletin of Materials Science, 36 (2013) 839–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fras, E., Kawalec, M. and Lopez, H.F., Solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of high-vanadium Fe-C-V and Fe-C-V-Si alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, 524 (2009) 193–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawalec, M., Microstructure of hypereutectic Fe-C-V alloys, Archives of Foundry Engineering, 11 (2011) 55–60.Google Scholar
Kawalec, M. and Olejnik, E., Abrasive wear resistance of cast iron with precipitates of spheroidal VC carbides, Archives of Foundry Engineering, 12 (2012) 221–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawalec, M. and Gorny, M., Alloyed white cast iron with precipitates of spheroidal vanadium carbides VC, Archives of Foundry Engineering, 12 (2012) 95–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tokaji, K., Uematsu, Y., Horie, T. and Takahashi, Y., Fatigue behaviour of cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides dispersed within martensitic matrix microstructure, Materials Science and Engineering A, 418 (2006) 326–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uematsu, Y., Tokaji, K., Horie, T. and Nishigaki, K., Fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation in cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides dispersed within martensitic matrix microstructure, Materials Science and Engineering A, 471 (2007) 15–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yifu, Y., Tongxiang, F. and Yuxia, S., Electron theory analysis on formation of spheroidal carbide in vanadium-alloyed white cast iron, Chinese Science Bulletin, 42 (1997) 609–612.Google Scholar
Filipovic, M., Iron-chromium-carbon-vanadium white cast irons – microstructure and properties, Hem. ind., 68 (2014) 413–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efremenko, V., Shimizu, K, Cheiliak, A., Kozurevskaya, T., Kusumoto, K. and Yamamoto, K., Effect of vanadium and chromium on the microstructural features of V-Cr-Mn-Ni spheroidal carbide cast iron, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 21 (2014) 1096–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efremenko, V., Shimizu, K, Cheiliak, A., Kozurevskaya, T., Chabak, Y., Hara, H. and Kusumoto, K., Abrasive wear resistance of spheroidal vanadium carbide cast irons, Journal of Friction and Wear, 34 (2013) 466–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karantzalis, A., Lekatou, A., Diavati, E., Effect of destabilization heat treatments on the microstructure of high-chromium cast iron: a microscopy examination approach, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 18 (2009) 1078–1085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabrett, C. P., Sare, I. R., The effect of heat treatment on the abrasion resistance of alloy white irons, Wear, 203–204 (1997) 206–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabrett, C P, Sare, I R, Effect of high temperature and sub-ambient treatmentson the matrix structure and abrasion resistance of a high-chromium white iron, Scripta Materialia, 38 (1998) 1747–1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, G.L.F. and Laird, G., Structure, nucleation, growth and morphology of secondary carbides in high chromium and Cr-Ni white cast irons, Journal of Materials Science 27 (1992) 29–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasan, H. and Erturk, F., Effects of a Destabilization Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Behavior of High-Chromium White Cast Iron Investigated Using Different Characterization Techniques, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44 (11) (2013) 4993–5005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efremenko, V.G., Chabak, Y.G., Brykov, M.N., Kinetic Parameters of Secondary Carbide Precipitation in High-Cr White Iron Alloyed by Mn-Ni-Mo-V Complex, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22 (2013) 1378–1385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez-Cruz, A., Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Guerra, F.V. and Mejía, I., Microstructural modification of a static and dynamically solidified high-chromium white cast iron alloyed with vanadium additions, Results in Materials, 7 (2020) 100–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radulovic, M., Fiset, M., Peev, K. and Tomovic, M., The influence of vanadium on fracture toughness and abrasion resistance in high chromium white cast irons, Journal of Materials Science 29 (1994) 5085–5094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filipovic, M., Wear resistance and dynamic fracture toughness of hypoeutectic high chromium white cast iron alloyed with niobium and vanadium, Materiali in Tehnologije 48 (2014) 343–348.Google Scholar
Chung, R.J., Tang, X., Li, D.Y., Hinckley, B., and Dolman, K., Effects of titanium addition on microstructure and wear resistance of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron Fe–25wt.% Cr–4wt.% C. Wear, 267 (2009) 356–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulcher, J.K., Kosel, T.H., Fiore, N.F.,The effect of carbide volume fraction onthe low stress abrasion resistance of high Cr–Mo white cast irons, Wear 84 (1983) 313–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stachowiak, G.B., Stachowiak, G.W., and Celliers, O., Ball-cratering abrasion tests of high-Cr white cast irons, Tribology International, 38 (2005) 1076–1087.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedolla-Jacuinde, A. and Rainforth, W.M., The wear behavior of high-chromium white cast irons as a function of silicon and mischmetal content, Wear, 250 (2001) 449–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar