Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:13:37.052Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Curing of slag concretes at low temperatures: effect on selected durability properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2020

Mike Otieno Open the ORCID record for Mike Otieno [Opens in a new window]  and
Riccardo Opeka
Mike Otieno*
Affiliation:
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Riccardo Opeka
Affiliation:
Calibre Civil & Structural Engineering, Johannesburg
*
*Corresponding author: Mike Otieno ([email protected])
Get access

Abstract

The influence of low curing temperatures (5, 10 and 15 ± 2 °C) on the strength and durability properties of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) and ground granulated Corex slag (GGCS) concretes was studied. A standard curing temperature of 23 ± 2 °C) was also used for comparative purposes. Test specimens were cast using 100% CEM I 52.5N (PC), and three PC/Slag (GGBS or GGCS) replacement ratios of 50/50, 65/35 and 80/20, and a w/b ratio of 0.40. The specimens were cured for 28 days by submersion in water at the respective curing temperatures and then tested for durability. Durability was assessed using oxygen permeability, water sorptivity and chloride conductivity tests. The results showed that durability of the concretes decreased as the curing temperature decreased – gas permeability and water sorptivity increased while chloride resistance decreased. It was also observed that at a given curing temperature, the slag blended concretes showed superior durability performance than the plain PC concretes.

Keywords

cement & concreteenvironmentstrength
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 5 , Issue 25: African Materials Research Society 2019 , 2020 , pp. 1267 - 1275
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Neville, A. M. (2011) Properties of Concrete (5th Edition). Pearson Education Limited, Edinburg Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England, ISBN: 978-0-273-75580-7.Google Scholar
Mehta, P. K. & Monteiro, P. J. M. (2006) Concrete – microstructure, properties and materials, 3rd Edition. McGraw Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Ramezanianpour, A. A. & Malhotra, V. M. (1995) Effect of curing on the compressive strength, resistance to chloride ion penetration and porosity of concretes incorporating slag. Cement & Concrete Composites , Vol. 17(2), pp. 125-133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SANS-2001-CC1 (2012) Construction works - Part CC1: Concrete works (structural). Pretoria: South African Bureau of Standards.Google Scholar
Mackechnie, J. R., Alexander, M. G. & Jaufeerally, H. (2003) Structural and durability properties of concrete made with Corex slag. Research monograph No. 6 , University of Cape Town and the University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
Grieve, G. (2009) Cementitious materials. Chapter 1, Fulton’s Concrete Technology, Published by Erstwhile Cement and Concrete Institute, Midrand, South Africa, ISBN 978-0-9584779-1-8, pp. 1-16.Google Scholar
Song, H. W. & Saraswathy, V. (2006) Studies on the corrosion resistance of reinforced steel in concrete with ground granulated blast-furnace slag - an overview. Journal of Hazardous Materials , Vol. 138(2), pp. 226-233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otieno, M. B., Beushausen, H. D. & Alexander, M G. (2014) Effect of chemical composition of slag on chloride penetration resistance of concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites , Vol. 46, DOI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.11.003 , pp. 56-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SANS-5863 (1994) Concrete tests - compressive strength of hardened concrete, Pretoria: South African Bureau of Standards.Google Scholar
SANS-3001-CO3-1 (2015) Civil engineering test methods: Part CO3-1: Concrete durability index testing - Preparation of test specimens. South African Bureau of Standards - Standards Division, Pretoria, South Africa, ISBN 978-0-626-32799-6.Google Scholar
SANS-3001-CO3-2 (2015) Civil engineering test methods: Part CO3-2: Concrete durability index testing - Oxygen permeability test. South African Bureau of Standards - Standards Division, Pretoria, South Africa, ISBN 978-0-626-32800-9.Google Scholar
SANS-3001-CO3-3 (2015) Civil engineering test methods: Part CO3-3: Concrete durability index testing - Chloride conductivity test. South African Bureau of Standards - Standards Division, Pretoria, South Africa, ISBN 978-0-626-32801-6.Google Scholar
DI-Manual (2018) Durability index testing procedure manual, Version 4.5. www.theconcreteinstitute.org.za/durability ,43 pp.Google Scholar
Salvoldi, B. G., Beushausen, H. & Alexander, M G. (2015) Oxygen permeability of concrete and its relation to carbonation. Construction and Building Materials , Vol. 85 , pp. 30-37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, M. G., Ballim, Y. & Stanish, K. (2008) A framework for use of durability indexes in performance-based design and specifications for reinforced concrete structures. Materials and Structures , Vol. 41(5), pp. 921-936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, M. G. & Mackecknie, J. R. (1999) Discussion of ‘A water sorptivity test for water and concrete’. Materials and Structures , Vol. 31(212), pp. 568-574.Google Scholar
Otieno, M. & Alexander, M. (2015) Chloride conductivity testing of concrete – past and recent developments. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) , Vol. 57(4), pp. 55-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballim, Y. & Alexander, M. G. (2018) Guiding principles in developing the South African approach to durability testing of concrete. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures , 18-20 July, 2018, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom, ISBN-13: 978-1849953948, pp. 36-45.Google Scholar
Ballim, Y., Alexander, M. G. & Beushausen, H. (2009) Durability of concrete. Fulton’s concrete technology , (9th Edition) Owens, G. (Editor), Midrand: Cement & Concrete Institute , pp. 155-188.Google Scholar
Alexander, M. G., Ballim, Y. & Mackechnie, J. R. (2001) Use of durability indexes to achieve durable cover concrete in reinforced concrete structures. Materials Science of Concrete , VI, pp. 483-511.Google Scholar
Bumanis, G & Bajare, D. (2017) The effect of curing conditions on the durability of high performance concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , Vol. 251 ,7 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallucci, E. & Scrivener, K. L. (2013) Effect of temperature on the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Cement and Concrete Research , Vol. 53 , pp. 185-195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Y. & Wu, Y. (2013) Effect of freezing temperature on the microstructure of negative temperature concrete. Advanced Materials Research , Vol. 663 , pp. 343-348.Google Scholar
Xu, H., Provis, J. L., Deventer, J. S. J. & Krivenko, P. V. (2008) Characterization of aged slag concretes. ACI Materials Journal , Vol. 105(2), pp. 131-139.Google Scholar