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Characterization of copper-based pigment preparation and alteration products

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2018

Marcie B. Wiggins ,
Jocelyn Alcántara-García  and
Karl S. Booksh
Marcie B. Wiggins
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
Jocelyn Alcántara-García*
Affiliation:
Department of Art Conservation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
Karl S. Booksh
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
*
*(Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Copper-based pigments are common in works of art that show signs of decay on green and blue areas and are frequently associated with the degradation of organic substrates and/or media (drying oils, cellulose, etc.). The exact causes of degradation remain unknown. This prompted us to study possible starting and degradation products of one especially reactive copper pigment, verdigris (copper acetate), as well as pigments of the same family (salt and soap greens). Preparation of pigments using historical methods was followed by spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Synthesis of verdigris and verdigris-like pigments resulted in a mixture of starting polymorphs of verdigris, including neutral and basic verdigris. With accelerated aging, pigments degraded to a polymorph of basic verdigris when not affected by organic media, whereas pigments on cellulosic substrates showed oxidized copper species. With this study, we are beginning to understand verdigris starting materials and highlight the complex interactions between pigments and substrates that influence pigment degradation pathways.

Keywords

artinfrared (IR) spectroscopyx-ray diffraction (XRD)x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 2 , Issue 63: International Materials Research Congress XXVI , 2017 , pp. 3973 - 3981
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Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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