Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:48:10.413Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Low expectations: does Italy factor into American foreign policy calculations?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2016

James Sperling*
Affiliation:
University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
*

Abstract

The American attentive foreign policy elite's perceptions of Italy as a foreign policy actor appear inconsistent with Italy's global role. The paradox of Italy's global status as a middle-power and the absence of status within the American foreign policy community raises three questions: What role should we expect Italy to play in American foreign policy calculations given its structural position in the international system? What role does Italy play in aiding or hindering American foreign policy objectives within the transatlantic community? Is there a disjunction between the American elite's subjectively low expectations for Italy as a foreign policy actor and Italy's objective importance for the successful realisation of American foreign policy objectives?

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Association for the study of Modern Italy 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bernard, S., Warrell, H., O'Murchu, C., and Asokan, S. 2009. G-20 Wishlist. Financial Times, April 1. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e39aacb6-0e49-11de-b099-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 Google Scholar
Cohen, R. 2006. Vive la dolce vita. New York Times, April 16.Google Scholar
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (2009). International economic accounts. http://www.bea.gov/International/index.htm Google Scholar
Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries. 2008. 2007 United states resident travel abroad. Washington, DC. http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/outreachpages/download_data_table/2007_US_Travel_Abroad.pdf Google Scholar
Department of Defense. 2001. Allied contribution to the common defense. March. http://www.dod.gov/pubs/allied_contrib2001/index.htm Google Scholar
Department of Defense. 2002. International contributions to the war against terrorism. June 7. http://www.defense.gov/news/Jun2002/d20020607contributions.pdf Google Scholar
Department of Defense. 2003. Allied contributions to the common defense. July. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/allied_contrib2003/.Google Scholar
Department of Defense. 2005. Facing the future: Meeting the threats and challenges of the 21st century. February. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/facing_the_future/facing_the_future.pdf Google Scholar
Department of Defense. 2008. Report on progress toward security and stability in Afghanistan, June. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/Report_on_Progress_toward_Security_and_Stability_in_Afghanistan_1230.pdf Google Scholar
Erlanger, S., and Cooper, H.. 2009. Europeans offer few new troops for Afghanistan. New York Times, April 4.Google Scholar
Foreign Trade Division, US Census Bureau. 2009. TradeStats Express. http://tse.export.gov/MapFrameset.aspx?MapPage=NTDMapDisplay.aspx&Unique Google Scholar
Donadio, R. 2009a. Prime Minister's escapades finally raise eyebrows. New York Times, May 29.Google Scholar
Donadio, R. 2009b. Italy finds lawyer guilty of taking a bribe in exchange for protecting the Premier. New York Times, February 17.Google Scholar
Dougherty, C., Schwartz, N., and Norris, F.. 2008. Financial crises spread in Europe. New York Times, October 5.Google Scholar
Fisher, I. 2006. Italy calls Iraq war ‘grave error’. New York Times, May 19.Google Scholar
Fisher, I. 2007a. Italian Premier resigns after losing foreign policy vote. New York Times, February 22.Google Scholar
Fisher, I. 2007b. Italy swapped 5 jailed Taliban for a hostage. New York Times, March 22.Google Scholar
Frattini, F. 2009. Fitness to govern is determined by electorate. Financial Times, August 4.Google Scholar
Foradori, P., and Rosa, P.. 2007. Italy: New ambitions and old deficiencies. In Global security governance, ed. Kirchner, E. and Sperling, J., 6992. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Furceri, D., and Mourougane, A.. 2009. Financial crises: Past lessons and policy implications. Economics Department Working Papers No. 668, ECO/WKP (2009) 9.Google Scholar
Gerleman, D., and Stevens, J.. 2001. Operation enduring freedom: Foreign pledges of military and intelligence support. Washington, DC: CRS Report for Congress, RL31152, October 17.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2009a. The state of public finances: Outlook and medium-term policies after the 2008 crisis. Washington, DC: IMF, March 6. http://www.imf.org/e(%)xternal/np/pp/eng/2009/030609.pdf Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2009b. World economic outlook. Crisis and recovery. Washington, DC: IMF, April. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/pdf/text.pdf Google Scholar
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Finance. 2009. Donors Financial Review Report 1387. January. http://www.budgetmof.gov.af/units/Aid_Coord_Effictiveness/ACU_Resources/DFRR_2008/2nd_DFR/DFR%20Final%20with%20changes%2023-2-2009.pdf Google Scholar
Katzman, K. 2009. Afghanistan: Post-war governance, security, and US policy. Washington. DC: CRS Report for Congress, RL30588, 10 November. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30588.pdf Google Scholar
Kiefter, P. 2007. ‘Prodi comes under attack after Taliban killed a hostage. Financial Times, 9 April.Google Scholar
Korski, D. 2008. Afghanistan: Europe's forgotten war. London: European Council on Foreign Relations. http://ecfr.3cdn.net/fcdc73b8da7af85936_q8m6b5o4j.pdf Google Scholar
Landler, M. 2008. Rich nations pushing for joint financial rescue. New York Times, October 10.Google Scholar
Morelli, V., and Gallis, P.. 2008. NATO in Afghanistan: A test of the transatlantic alliance. CRS Report for Congress, RL33627. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, October 23.Google Scholar
Noetzel, T., and Scheipers, S.. 2007. Coalition warfare in Afghanistan: Burden-sharing or disunity? London: Chatham House. http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/9878_xxxbp1007afghani-stan.pdf Google Scholar
North Atlantic Council. 2008. ISAF's Strategic Vision. April 3. http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8444.htm Google Scholar
NATO. 2009. International Security Assistance Force and Afghan National Army Strength & Laydown. Brussels: NATO. http://www.nato.int/ISAF/docu/epub/pdf/isaf_placemat.pdf Google Scholar
Prasad, E., and Sorkin, I.. 2009. Assessing the G-20 economics stimulus plans: a deeper look. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. March. http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2009/03_g20_stimulus_prasad.aspx Google Scholar
Rumsfeld, D. 2003. Secretary Rumsfeld Town Hall Meeting at Aviano Air Base. February 7. http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=1900 Google Scholar
Rumsfeld, D. 2005. Media availability with Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Italian Defense Minister Antonio Martino. July 12. http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3174 Google Scholar
Saltmarsh, M. 2009. Safety nets not enough to allay fears in Europe. New York Times, April 1.Google Scholar
Schmitt, E. 2004. Cheney unusually visible as he mends fences in Europe. New York Times, January 27.Google Scholar
Schwartz, N. 2008. US missteps are evident, but Europe is implicated. New York Times, October 13.Google Scholar
Schwartz, N., and Bennhold, K.. 2008. European leaders vow to fight financial crisis. New York Times, October 4.Google Scholar
Shanker, T. 2003. Threats and responses: Germany. Rumsfeld faces tense greeting and antiwar rallies in Munich. New York Times, February 8.Google Scholar
Smith, J., and Williams, M.. 2008. What lies beneath: The future of NATO through the ISAF prism. Washington, DC and London: CSIS and RUSI, March 31. http://beta.csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080331_nato.pdf Google Scholar
Sperling, J. 2009. American perceptions of the EU: Through a glass, darkly or through the looking glass? In External perceptions of the European Union as a global actor, ed. Lucarelli, S. and Fioramonti, L., 1331. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sperling, J., and Webber, M.. 2009. NATO – From Kosovo to Kabul. International Affairs 85, no. 3: 491511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, A. 2009. More than one way to skin a cad. New York Times, May 10.Google Scholar
UNDP Afghanistan. 2009a. Quarterly Project Report, Counter Narcotics Trust Fund (CNTF). http://www.undp.org.af/whoweare/undpinafghanistan/Projects/sbgs/prj_cntf.htm Google Scholar
UNDP Afghanistan. 2009b. Law and Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan (LOTFA-Phase V). http://www.undp.org.af/whoweare/UNDPinAfghanistan/Projects/sbgs/prj_lotfa.htm Google Scholar
Vinocur, J. 2006. Politicus: Prodi's campaign song beckons to the hard left. International Herald Tribune, March 28.Google Scholar