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From Romana Gens to cumbiatella: propaganda, migration and identity in Italo-Peruvian mobilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2018

Javier Suárez Trejo*
Affiliation:
Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., USA

Abstract

Branding promotes and sells products and services through the creation of an identity – the brand. What happens when the promoter of a brand is a government? What transformations does a national identity experience when it becomes a brand to export? Is national branding a contemporary form of promoting national identities? To explore these questions, the article focuses on two artefacts that show the propaganda/branding strategies of Italians in Peru and Peruvians in Italy during the twentieth century: the magazine Romana- Gens ne la Terra de ‘Los Incas’ (1934–1941) and the ad-documentary Marca Perú in Loreto, Italy (2012). The analysis of these artefacts shows three dimensions of Italo-Peruvian mobilities. First, the complex negotiations of foreign populations that seek to integrate into their adoptive countries (and/or desired market). Second, the reversal of the direction of migration: Latin America was a point of arrival for the Italian immigrants from the nineteenth century until the 1970s, but during the last decades of the twentieth century, it became a point of departure to Italy, which was seen as a place of economic progress. Finally, the specific politics of affects in the relationship of Italian and Peruvian immigrants with national identities built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Italian summary

Il branding promuove e vende prodotti e servizi mediante la creazione di un’identità, il marchio. Che cosa succede quando il promotore di un brand è un governo? Quali trasformazioni subisce un’ identità nazionale quando diventa un marchio di esportazione? Il brand nazionale è una forma di promozione contemporanea delle identità nazionali? Al fine di indagare questi interrogativi, l’articolo si concentra su due artefatti che mostrano le strategie di propaganda/branding degli italiani in Perù e dei peruviani in Italia durante il XX secolo: la rivista Romana Gens ne la Terra de ‘Los Incas’ (1934–1941) e lo spot-documentario Marca Perú (2012). L’analisi di questi prodotti mette in luce tre dimensioni delle migrazioni Italo-Peruviane: la prima riguarda la complessa negoziazione di una popolazione straniera che cerca di integrarsi nel paese adottivo (e/o mercato desiderato). La seconda è inerente l’inversione della direzione delle migrazioni: l’America Latina è stata un punto di arrivo per gli immigrati italiani (XIX secolo fino agli anni settanta); tuttavia, durante gli ultimi decenni del ventesimo secolo, è diventata un punto di partenza per l’Italia, vista come luogo di progresso economico. Infine, le modalità attraverso le quali questi artefatti esprimono una specifica politica degli affetti (politics of affects) attraverso l’identificazione dei migranti italiani o peruviani con le identità nazionali costruite durante il XIX e XX secolo.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
© 2018 Association for the Study of Modern Italy 

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