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A Mid-nineteenth-century Discovery of the Non-Chinese World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Fred W. Drake
Fred W. Drake
Affiliation:
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Extract

Four years after the publication of Wei Yuan's Hai-kuo t'u-chih, Hsu Chi-yü (1795–1873), while governor of Fukien, composed the preface to his ten-chüan history-geography of the non-Chinese world. A product of the immediate post-Opium War period, Hsu's Ying-huan chih-lueh (A short account of the maritime circuit, 1848) is another example of Chinese intellectual response to Western intrusion and the challenges of a new era. Indeed, while Hsu and Wei agreed on the fundamental necessity to learn more about the outside world in order to protect China, the tone of their books, the Ying-huan chih-lueh and the Hai-kuo t'u-chih, differed to such an extent that the former came to represent the views of Chinese ‘moderates’, while the latter did likewise for the ‘conservatives’.

Type
Articles
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , March 1972 , pp. 205 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1972

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References

1 YHCL. Hsu, Chi-yü, Ying-huan chih-lueh (A short account of the maritime circuit; 10 chüan, Foochow, author's preface, 1848). All notes to the YHCL in this article, unless otherwise indicated, refer to the 1848 edition.Google Scholar

2 WTHC. Hsu, Chi-yü, ed., Wu-t'ai hsin-chih (New gazetteer of Wu-t'ai [Shansi]; 4 chüan, Wu-t'ai, 1884), 3.56.Google Scholar

3 WTHC, 3.59.

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6 CSK, lieh-chuan #209, 2741/352.7b–8.

7 Ibid., 8b–9.

8 Ibid., 7b.

9 WTHC, 4.6b.

10 For the two most important of these early memorials, see SKCC, shang: 6b–13.

11 WTHC, 4.6b.

12 HPCC. Miao, Ch'üan-sun, ed., Pei-chuan chi, hsu-chi (A supplementary collection of epitaphs: Soochow, 1910), 17.3b.Google Scholar

13 WTHC, 4.6b.

14 Hsin-pao, Chang, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War (Cambridge, Mass., 1964), pp. 209–10.Google Scholar

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24 SKCC, 3.7. HPCC, 17.3b.

25 WTHC, 4.7.

26 CCCY, pp. 123–4. Arthur, W. Hummel, ed., Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644–1912) (Washington, D.C., 1943), I, p. 128; pp. 503–5.Google Scholar

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31 SKCC, 4.24b–25.

32 CR, 12.333 (1843).Google Scholar

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36 Ibid., p. 162; p. 204.

37 Fairbank, , Trade, I, p. 205; pp. 221–3; p. 314.Google Scholar

38 CCCY, p. 176. WTHC 4.8b.

39 Fairbank, , Trade, I, pp. 378–9. IWSM, HF (Hsien-feng) I.9b.Google Scholar

40 SKCC, 3.19b.

41 Ibid.

42 SKCC, 3.22b.

43 IWSM, TC (T'ung-chih) 37.16.

44 SKCC, 3.30a–b.

45 IWSM, TC, 47.8; 47.16b. Biggerstaff, Knight, The Earliest Modern Government Schools in China (Ithaca, 1961), pp. 112–13.Google Scholar

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47 WTHC, 4.7b.

48 Davis, , China, II, p. 77. CR, 15.160 (1846).Google Scholar

49 CR, 13.70–73 (1844).Google Scholar

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53 Ch'i-ch'ao, Liang, Intellectual Trends in the Ch'ing Period, tr., Immanuel, C. Y. Hsu (Cambridge, Mass., 1959), p. 1.Google Scholar

54 YHCL, I: author's preface, Ia–b. The Rev. L. B. Peet of Foochow wrote on 27 August 1849 to Rufus Anderson of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) that the work was ‘just published’. ABCFM, Foochow Mission, v. 229, letter #334 (8/27/49).Google Scholar

55 This edition is held by the Library of Congress.

56 See Hummel, , Eminent Chinese, I, p. 310.Google Scholar Harvard-Yenching Library holds only the 1861 edition. See Jyo, Keiyo, Eikan Shiryaku (1861).Google Scholar

57 Title page of the YHCL (1861 Japanese edition).Google Scholar

58 Professor Cohen, Paul A. generously loaned me his personal copy.Google Scholar

59 WTHC, 4.84. This note concerning the YHCL reported that the original printing blocks had been brought from Foochow to the capital.

60 See Price, Don C., ‘The Chinese Intelligentsia's Image of Russia, 1896–1911’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1967), pp. 35, 38.Google ScholarAlso, see Yu-wei, K'ang, ‘K'ang Nan-hai tzu-pien nien-p'u’ (Chronological autobiography of K'ang Yu-wei) in Chien, Po-tsan, ed., Wu-hsu pien-fa , (Shanghai, 1953), 4.115. In addition,Google Scholarsee Levenson, Joseph R., Liang Ch'i-ch' ao and the Mind of Modern China (Cambridge, Mass., 1953), p. 17.Google Scholar

61 YHCL, 3.29.

62 YHCL, 1.5b.

63 YHCL, 4.3.

64 YHCL, 4.3b.

65 Ibid.

66 YHCL, 3.40b–41.

67 YHCL, 6.19.

68 Ibid.

69 YHCL, 3.18b–19.

70 YHCL, 6.22.

71 YHCL, 7.10b–11.

72 YHCL, 7.6.

73 YHCL, 2.32b–33.

74 YHCL, 5.4b.

75 YHCL, 8.12b.

76 YHCL, 4.18.

77 YHCL, 2.10.

78 Ssu-yü, Teng and Fairbank, John K., China's Response to the West, A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923 (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), p. 50.Google Scholar