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Cleansing Macau's Image as the ‘Wickedest City in the World’: Eurasia, Long Way, and Luso-tropical film production in Macau in the 1950s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2021

ANA CATARINA ALMEIDA LEITE Open the ORCID record for ANA CATARINA ALMEIDA LEITE [Opens in a new window]
ANA CATARINA ALMEIDA LEITE*
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

This article discusses the Eurasia Film Company (hereafter Eurasia), which was established in Macau in 1954; the making of its film Long Way, released in 1955; and more generally the issue of film production in Macau in the 1950s. This was a period of crisis for Portugal: despite the beginning of decolonization in the post-war era, the regime's policy was to preserve the colonies. It appropriated ‘Luso-tropicalism’, a theory developed by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre, which argued that the Portuguese had created a harmonious hybrid civilization in the ‘tropics’ through biological and cultural miscegenation. Luso-tropicalism became a major propaganda tool used by Portugal to deflect decolonization. Eurasia, which had links to the colonial government, presented a Luso-tropical ideal not only in terms of the content of the film Long Way which celebrated interracial love but also by its very nature—it was a Sino-Portuguese enterprise that also had Eurasians as shareholders—and in its production method. Its main objective was to propagate a positive image of Macau, in response to its pervasive negative portrayal in the international press and films, which often characterized it as a centre of vice. Long Way specifically responded to Hollywood and French films set in Macau by using similar elements, plot, and characterization, but it transformed Orientalist tales of crime, smuggling, and sin into a Luso-tropical story of refuge, order, and interracial love. Eurasia aimed to cleanse Macau's image and thereby justify Portuguese sovereignty in the territory in a period of crisis and uncertainty marked by decolonization, the Cold War, and tense Sino-Portuguese relations.

Type
Research Article
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 55 , Issue 6 , November 2021 , pp. 1795 - 1847
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

1

This reference is from The Lady from Shanghai (dir. Orson Welles, 1948). Although not set in Macau, the character in the film played by Orson Welles describes Macau as the wickedest city in the world.

2

I am deeply grateful to Professor Meaghan Morris for her insightful comments on an early draft of this article, as well as Professors Yung Sai-Shing; Xu Lanjun; Ruth Rogaski; the two anonymous reviewers of MAS; and Tony Chui Wing Kin for their valuable feedback at later stages. Special thanks also go to António Hawthorne Barrento for generously reading through various versions of this article. Finally, I would also like to thank Macau historian João Guedes, and the descendants of those who worked on Long Way: Marco and Luis Lobo, António Lemos Ferreira, and Lurdes Machado, for kindly finding time to chat with me, as well as NUS librarian, Chow Chai Khim, for helping me find access to the Huaqiao bao.

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Filmography/Productions

Bu Wancang, . 1954. Bixie huanghua [The Sacrifice].Google Scholar
Delannoy, Jean. 1939/1942. Macao, l'enfer du Jeu [Gambling Hell].Google Scholar
DeMille, Cecil. 1915. The Cheat.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Eurico. 1955. Caminhos Longos/Changtu [Long Way].Google Scholar
Hopper, E. Mason. 1935. Hong Kong Nights.Google Scholar
Lobo, Pedro José. 1949 and 1953. Cruel Separação [Cruel Separation].Google Scholar
Malheiro, Ricardo. 1952. Macau.Google Scholar
Malheiro, Ricardo. 1953?. Macau, Terra Portuguesa [Macau, Portuguese Land].Google Scholar
Maté, Rudolph. 1953. Forbidden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, Ewing, 1937. Windjammer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiguel, Miguel. 1956. Macau, Jóia do Oriente [Macau, Jewel of the Orient].Google Scholar
Spiguel, Miguel. 1956. Macau em Marcha: Economia, Fomento, Industria [Macau on the Move: Economy, Development, Industry].Google Scholar
Spiguel, Miguel. 1956. Acção Missionária no Oriente [Missionary Action in the Orient]Google Scholar
Sternberg, Josef von. 1952. Macao.Google Scholar
Welles, Orson. 1948. The Lady from Shanghai.Google Scholar