Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:42:51.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Foreign Trade of Russia and Britain with Asia in the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

A. M. Petrov
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Before expounding the fundamental provisions of my report, I deem it necessary to make some preliminary remarks. In my opinion, they will help bring to light some reasons for the situation that took shape in the foreign trade of Russia and Britain with Asia in the seventeenth–nineteenth centuries.

Type
Articles
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , October 1987 , pp. 625 - 637
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Pegolotti, F. B., La Pratica delta Mercatura, ed. Evans, A. (Cambridge, Mass., 1936), p. 21.Google Scholar

2 Hourani, G. F., Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times (Princeton, 1951), p. 74.Google Scholar

3 Simkin, C., The Traditional Trade of Asia (London, 1968), pp. 143–4.Google Scholar

4 British Travellers in the Moscow State in the 16th Century (Leningrad, 1937), p. 185.Google Scholar

5 Clavijo, , Life and Activities of the Great Timur-the-Lame. A Diary of the Trip to the Court of Timur in Samarkand (St Petersburg, 1881), p. 332.Google Scholar

6 Ptolemaeus, Claudius. Geographiae I, XI, 7–8.Google Scholar—‘Ancient India as described by Ptolemy’, transl. McCrindle, J. W. (Calcutta, 1885).Google Scholar

7 Hinz, W., Moslem Measures and Weight with the Transition to the Metric System (Moscow, 1970), p. 44Google Scholar

8 British Travellers p. 175.Google Scholar

9 Leur, J. C. van, Indonesian Trade and Society (The Hague-Bandung, 1955), p. 212.Google Scholar

10 Moreland, W. H., ‘The Ships of the Arabian Sea about 1500 A.D.’ in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, pt II (April 1939). p. 176.Google Scholar

11 Luzzata, G., Economic History of Italy. Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Moscow, 1954), pp 343–4.Google Scholar

12 Polo, Marco, A Book by Marco Polo (Moscow, 1956), p. 169Google Scholar, also Notes, p. 315.

13 Moreland, W. H., India at the Death of Akbar (London, 1920), pp. 234–7, 221.Google Scholar

14 Gurevich, N. M., ‘The Dynamics of the Number of Population of Foreign Asia in Our Era’ in Peoples of Asia and Africa no. 4 (1975), p. 72.Google Scholar

15 See, for example, Pires, Tome, The Suma Oriental, vols I, II (London, 1944).Google Scholar

16 British Travellers, pp. 177, 172, 183–5.Google Scholar

17 Clavijo, , Life and Activities, p. 332.Google Scholar

18 Bartold, V. V., Asian Luxury. Works, vol. IV (Moscow, 1966), p. 404.Google Scholar

19 North, D. C., ‘Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600–1850’ in The Journal of Political Economy (September–October 1968), pp. 959, 960–1 (Figs 2, 3).Google Scholar

20 Usher, A. P., ‘The Growth of English Shipping, 1572–1922’ in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (May 1928), p. 469.Google Scholar

21 Korsak, A., Historical and Statistical Review of Trade Ties between Russia and China (Kazan, 1857), p. 398.Google Scholar

22 Ibid., pp. 392–5.

23 Ibid., p. 403.

24 Ibid., p. 404.

25 Semyonov, A., The Studies of Historical Data on the Russian Foreign Trade and Industry since the Latter Half of the 17th Century to 1858, pt III (St Petersburg, 1859), p. 171.Google Scholar

26 Korsak, , Historical and Statistical Review, p. 166.Google Scholar

27 Ibid., pp. 391–2.

28 Kolontayev, A. P., Scientific and Technological Revolution and the Machinery Stage of Production in the Developing Countries, ‘Scientific and Technological Progress and the Developing Countries’ (Moscow, 1976), p. 76.Google Scholar

29 MacGregor, J., Commercial Statistics, vol. 4 (London, 1850), pp. 434–4, 867–8.Google Scholar

30 See New History of Documents and Materials (Moscow, 1934), p. 397.Google Scholar

31 MacGregor, , Commercial Statistics, vol. 4, pp. 770–2.Google Scholar

32 Krishna, Bal, Commercial Relations between India and England (London, 1924), p. 282.Google Scholar

33 MacGregor, , Commercial Statistics, vol. 4, pp. 404–6, 410.Google Scholar

34 See Mun, Thomas, A Discourse of Trade from England unto the East-Indies, London, 1621.Google Scholar Reproduced from the first edn by The Facsimile Text Society (New York, 1930); England's Treasure by Foreign Trade, or, the Balance of Our Foreign Trade is the Rule of Our Treasure, by Mun, Thomas (London, 1664, reprint, Oxford, 1933).Google Scholar

35 Sombart, W., Modern Capitalism, vol. I, first semivolume (Moscow-Leningrad, 1931). P 362.Google Scholar

36 Korsak, , Historical and Statistical Review, p. 62.Google Scholar

37 Ibid., pp. 180–1.

38 Semyonov, , The Studies of Historical Data, pt III, pp. 220–1.Google Scholar

39 Calculated on the basis of ‘Custom Tariff of the United Kingdom from 1800 to 1897’ (London, 1897), pp. 46–51Google Scholar; MacGregor, , Commercial Statistics, vol. 4, pp. 407–9.Google Scholar

40 Shlote, W., British Overseas Trade (Oxford, 1952), pp. 156–7.Google Scholar

41 Calculated on the basis of Semyonov, The Studies of Historical Data, pt III, p. 220.Google Scholar

42 Statistics of Foreign Commerce (Washington, 1909), pp. 42, 41.Google Scholar

43 Gurevich, N. M., Afghanistan's Foreign Trade Prior to World War Two (Moscow, 1959). p. 22.Google Scholar

44 Pokrovsky, S. A., Russia's Foreign Trade and Foreign Trade Policy (Moscow, 1947), p. 335Google Scholar; Glukhoded, V. S., Problems of Economic Development of Iran (1920s–1930s) (Moscow, 1968), p. 19.Google Scholar

45 Sladovsky, M. I., History of Trade and Economic Relations of Russia's Peoples with China (up to 1917) (Moscow, 1974), p. 265.Google Scholar

46 Semyonov, , The Studies of Historical Data, p. 220.Google Scholar

47 Review of Russia's Foreign Trade along European and Asian Borders for 1914, pt I (Petrograd, 1917), pp. III–IV and pp. 4–6Google Scholar; the rest of the data have been specified on the basis of ‘World Economy from 1913 to 1921’ (Moscow, 1922), pp. 134–5; USSR Foreign Trade from 1918 to 1950. Statistical Survey (Moscow, 1960), pp. 13, 21–36Google Scholar; Statistics of Foreign Commerce, pp. 109–10.Google Scholar

48 Schlote, , British Overseas Trade, pp. 156–60.Google Scholar

49 Statistics of Foreign Commerce, pp. 32, 41–2.Google Scholar

50 Survey of Russia's Foreign Trade along European and Asian Borders in 1915, pt I, pp. III–IVGoogle Scholar; certain data have been specified on the basis of ‘World Economy from 1913 to 1921’ (Moscow, 1922), pp. 134–5; USSR Foreign Trade from 1918 to 1940. Statistical Survey (Moscow, 1960), pp. 13, 21–36Google Scholar; Statistics of Foreign Commerce, pp. 109–10.Google Scholar

51 Schlote, , British Overseas Trade, pp. 156–7.Google Scholar

52 Statistics of Foreign Commerce, pp. 32, 42.Google Scholar

53 Chisholm, G. G., Handbook of Commercial Geography (London, 1928) pp. 715–6, 750Google Scholar; see also Petrov, A. M., ‘Soviet Foreign Trade Ties with the Countries of Asia (1918–40)’, Peoples of Asia and Africa, no. 5 (1977), pp. 41–2.Google Scholar

54 Gurevich, , Afghanistan's Foreign Trade, p. 20.Google Scholar

55 Glukhoded, , Problems of Economic Development, p. 19.Google Scholar

56 Statistics of Foreign Commerce, pp. 109–10.Google Scholar

57 Ibid. pp. 120–2.