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Xenotime-(Gd), a new Gd-dominant mineral of the xenotime group from the Zimná Voda REE–U–Au quartz vein, Prakovce, Western Carpathians, Slovakia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Martin Ondrejka Open the ORCID record for Martin Ondrejka [Opens in a new window] ,
Peter Bačík Open the ORCID record for Peter Bačík [Opens in a new window] ,
Juraj Majzlan Open the ORCID record for Juraj Majzlan [Opens in a new window] ,
Pavel Uher ,
Štefan Ferenc Open the ORCID record for Štefan Ferenc [Opens in a new window] ,
Tomáš Mikuš ,
Martin Števko Open the ORCID record for Martin Števko [Opens in a new window] ,
Mária Čaplovičová Open the ORCID record for Mária Čaplovičová [Opens in a new window] ,
Stanislava Milovská Open the ORCID record for Stanislava Milovská [Opens in a new window]  and
Alexandra Molnárová
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Martin Ondrejka*
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
Peter Bačík
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
Juraj Majzlan
Affiliation:
Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
Pavel Uher
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
Štefan Ferenc
Affiliation:
Department of Geography and Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
Tomáš Mikuš
Affiliation:
Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
Martin Števko
Affiliation:
Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Praha-Horní Počernice, Czech Republic
Mária Čaplovičová
Affiliation:
Centre for Nanodiagnostics of Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Vazovova 5, 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia
Stanislava Milovská
Affiliation:
Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
Alexandra Molnárová
Affiliation:
Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
Christiane Rößler
Affiliation:
Bauhaus University, Coudraystrasse 11, 99423 Weimar, Germany
Christian Matthes
Affiliation:
Bauhaus University, Coudraystrasse 11, 99423 Weimar, Germany
*
Corresponding author: Martin Ondrejka; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Xenotime-(Gd), ideally GdPO4, is a new mineral of the xenotime group. It was discovered at the Zimná Voda REE–U–Au occurrence near Prakovce, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. It forms rare crystal domains (≤20 μm, usually ≤10 μm in size) in Gd-rich xenotime-(Y) crystals (≤100 μm in size), in association with monazite-group minerals, uraninite, fluorapatite and uranyl arsenates–phosphates. The hydrothermal REE–U–Au mineralisation occurs in a quartz–muscovite vein, hosted in Palaeozoic phyllites near exocontact with Permian granites. The density is 5.26 g/cm3, based on calculated average empirical formula and unit-cell parameters. The average chemical composition (n = 6) measured by electron microprobe is as follows (wt.%): P2O5 30.1, As2O5 0.5, SiO2 0.2, UO2 0.3, Y2O3 15.7, (La, Ce, Pr, Nd)2O3 0.5, Sm2O3 5.7, Eu2O3 1.4, Gd2O3 29.2, Tb2O3 3.9, Dy2O3 10.4, Ho2O3 0.4, (Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)2O3 2.1, (Ca, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ba)O 0.1, total 100.5. The corresponding empirical formula calculated on the basis of 4 oxygen atoms is: (Gd0.37Y0.32Dy0.13Sm0.08Tb0.05Eu0.02Er0.01Tm0.01Nd0.01…)Σ1.01(P0.98As0.01Si0.01)O4. The empirical formula of the Gd-richest composition is: (Gd0.38Y0.31Dy0.13Sm0.08Tb0.05Eu0.02Er0.01Nd0.01Ho0.01…)Σ1.01(P0.98As0.01Si0.01)O4. The ideal formula is GdPO4. The xenotime-type structure has been confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and a Fast Fourier-Transform pattern using HRTEM. Xenotime-(Gd) is tetragonal, space group I41/amd, a = 6.9589(5) Å, c = 6.0518(6) Å, V = 293.07(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The new mineral is named as an analogue of xenotime-(Y) and xenotime-(Yb) with Gd dominant among the REE. The middle REE enrichment of xenotime-(Gd) is shared with the associated monazite-(Gd) and Gd-rich hingganite-(Y). This exotic REE signature and precipitation of Gd-bearing minerals is a product of selective complexing and enrichment in MREE in low-temperature hydrothermal fluids by alteration of uraninite, brannerite and fluorapatite on a micro-scale. The existence of xenotime-(Gd) and monazite-(Gd) is the first naturally documented dimorphism among REE phosphates. In addition, xenotime-(Gd) is only the third approved Gd-dominant mineral, after lepersonnite-(Gd) and monazite-(Gd).

Keywords

xenotime-(Gd)new mineralxenotime groupgadoliniumrare earth elementsPrakovce-Zimná VodaWestern CarpathiansSlovakia
Type
Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 88 , Issue 5 , October 2024 , pp. 613 - 622
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Mihoko Hoshino

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