Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T09:33:39.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Transmission X-ray diffraction as a new tool for diamond fluid inclusion studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

E. M. Smith ,
M. G. Kopylova ,
L. Dubrovinsky ,
O. Navon ,
J. Ryder  and
E. L. Tomlinson
E. M. Smith*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
M. G. Kopylova
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
L. Dubrovinsky
Affiliation:
Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
O. Navon
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
J. Ryder
Affiliation:
Dianor Resources Inc., 649 3rd Avenue, Val-d'Or, Quebec J9P 1S7, Canada
E. L. Tomlinson
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Transmission X-ray diffraction is demonstrated as a new tool for examining daughter minerals within sub-micrometre-size fluid inclusions in fibrous diamond. In transmission geometry, the X-ray beam passes through the sample, interacting with a volume of material. Fibrous diamonds from Mbuji-Mayi. Democratic Republic of Congo; the Wawa area, Ontario, Canada; and the Panda kimberlite, Ekati Mine, Northwest Territories and the Jericho kimberlite, Nunavut, Canada were analysed using X-rays from a high-brilliance lab source and a synchrotron source. Daughter minerals present include the mica-group mineral celadonite, sylvite, halite, dolomite and other carbonates. This represents the first positive identification of halide minerals in fibrous diamond. Mineral inclusions such as forsteritic olivine and pyrope garnet were also found. Unexpectedly, daughter minerals were identified in only ten of the 38 diamonds analysed, despite their concentrations being greater than experimentally proven detection limits. The presence of significant amounts of amorphous or dissolved material appears unlikely, but cannot be ruled out. Alternatively, the results may indicate a wide variety of related daughter minerals, such that most phases fall below the detection limits. Transmission X-ray diffraction should be applied cautiously to the study of fibrous diamond, as it provides an incomplete account of the fluid-inclusion mineralogy.

Keywords

fibrous diamondfluid inclusionX-ray diffractiondaughter mineralsynchrotron
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 75 , Issue 5 , October 2011 , pp. 2657 - 2675
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chung, F. (1974) Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns of mixtures. I. Matrix-flushing method forquantitative multicomponent analysis. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 7, 519-525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullity, B.D. and Stock, S.R. (2001) Elements of X-ray Diffraction. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA, 664 pp.Google Scholar
De Stefano, A., Lefebvre, N. and Kopylova, M. (2006) Enigmatic diamonds in Archean calc-alkaline lamprophyres of Wawa, southern Ontario, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 151, 158-173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denaix, L., van Oort, F., Pernes, M. and Jongmans, A.G. (1999) Transmission X-ray diffraction of undisturbed soil microfabrics obtained by microdrilling in thin sections. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 637-646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickens, B. and Brown, W.E. (1970) Crystal structure of calcium carbonate hexahydrate at ∼–120°. Inorganic Chemistry, 9, 480-486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duan, Z. and Li, D. (2008) Coupled phase and aqueous species equilibrium of the H2O–CO2–NaCl–CaCO3 system from 0 to 250 °C, 1 to 1000 bar with NaCl concentrations up to saturation of halite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72, 5128-5145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubrovinsky, L., Dubrovinskaia, N., Kantor, I., Nestola, F. and Gatta, D. (2006) High-brilliance X-ray system for high-pressure in-house research: applications for studies of superhard materials. High Pressure Research, 26, 137-143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guthrie, G.D.J., Veblenb, D.R., Navon, O. and Rossman, G.R. (1991) Submicrometer fluid inclusions in turbid-diamond coats. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 105, 1-12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammersley, A., Svensson, S., Hanfland, M., Fitch, A. and Häusermann, D. (1996) Two-dimensional detector software: from real detector to idealised image ortwo-theta scan. High Pressure Research, 14, 235-248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishitani, T. and Yaguchi, T. (1996) Cross-sectional sample preparation by focused ion beam: a review of ion-sample interaction. Microscopy Research and Technique, 35, 320-333.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Izraeli, E.S., Harris, J.W. and Navon, O. (2001) Brine inclusions in diamonds: a new uppermantle fluid. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 187, 332-.Google Scholar
Klein-BenDavid, O., Izraeli, E.S., Hauri, E. and Navon, O. (2004) Mantle fluid evolution – a tale of one diamond. Lithos, 77, 243-253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein-BenDavid, O., Wirth, R. and Navon, O. (2006) TEM imaging and analysis of microinclusions in diamonds: a close look at diamond-growing fluids. American Mineralogist, 91, 353-365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein-BenDavid, O., Wirth, R. and Navon, O. (2007) Micrometer-scale cavities in fibrous and cloudy diamonds – a glance into diamond dissolution events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264, 89-103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein-BenDavid, O., Logvinova, A.M., Schrauder, M., Spetius, Z.V., Weiss, Y., Hauri, E.H., Kaminsky, F.V., Sobolev, N.V. and Navon, O. (2009) High-Mg carbonatitic microinclusions in some Yakutian diamonds – a new type of diamond-forming fluid. Lithos, 112, 648-659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopylova, M., Navon, O., Dubrovinsky, L. and Khachatryan, G. (2010) Carbonatitic mineralogy of natural diamond-forming fluids. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291, 126-137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, A.R. and Walmsley, J.C. (1983) Apatite inclusions in natural diamond coat. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 9, 6-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langford, J.I. and Wilson, A.J.C. (1978) Scherrer after sixty years: A survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 11, 102-113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lippmann, F. (1959) Darstellung und kristallographische daten von CaCO3·H2O. Die Naturwissenschaften, 19, 553-554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logvinova, A., Wirth, R., Fedorova, E. and Sobolev, N. (2008) Nanometre-sized mineral and fluid inclusions in cloudy Siberian diamonds: new insights on diamond formation. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20, 317-331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navon, O. (1991) High internal pressures in diamond fluid inclusions determined by infrared absorption. Nature, 353, 746-748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navon, O., Hutcheon, I.D., Rossman, G.R. and Wasserburg, G.J. (1988) Mantle-derived fluids in diamond micro-inclusions. Nature, 335, 784-789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, R.C. and Manning, C.E. (2002) Experimental determination of calcite solubility in H2O-NaCl solutions at deep crust/upper mantle pressures and temperatures: implications for metasomatic processes in shearzones. American Mineralogist, 87, 1401-1409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rondeau, B., Fritsch, E., Moore, M., Thomassot, E. and Sirakian, J.F. (2007) On the growth of natural octahedral diamond upon a fibrous core. Journal of Crystal Growth, 304, 287-293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherrer, P. (1918) Bestimmung der Grösse und der inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen. Mathematischphysikalische Klasse, 2, 98-100.Google Scholar
Shahar, A., Bassett, W.A., Mao, H., Chou, I. and Mao, W. (2005) The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature. American Mineralogist, 90, 1835-1839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomlinson, E.L., Jones, A.P. and Harris, J.W. (2006) Co-existing fluid and silicate inclusions in mantle diamond. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 250, 581-595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomlinson, E.L., Muller, W. and E.I.M.F. (2009) A snapshot of mantle metasomatism: trace element analysis of coexisting fluid (LA-ICP-MS) and silicate (SIMS) inclusions in fibrous diamonds. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 362-372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walmsley, J.C. and Lang, A.R. (1992) On submicrometre inclusions in diamond coat: crystallography and composition of ankerites and related rhombohedral carbonates. Mineralogical Magazine, 56, 533-543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, Y., Kessel, R., Griffin, W.L., Kiflawi, I., Klein-BenDavid, O., Bell, D.R., Harris, J.W. and Navon, O. (2009) A new model forthe evolution of diamond-forming fluids: evidence from microinclusion- bearing diamonds from Kankan, Guinea. Lithos, 112, 660-674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, Y., Kiflawi, I. and Navon, O. (2010) IR spectroscopy: quantitative determination of the mineralogy and bulk composition of fluid microinclusions in diamonds. Chemical Geology, 275, 26-34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zedgenizov, D.A., Kagi, H., Shatsky, V.S. and Sobolev, N.V. (2004) Carbonatitic melts in cuboid diamonds from Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutia): evidence from vibrational spectroscopy. Mineralogical Magazine, 68, 61-73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar