Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:03:16.115Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some geochemical constraints upon models for the crystallization of the upper critical zone-main zone interval, northwestern Bushveld complex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

H. V. Eales ,
J. S. Marsh ,
A. A. Mitchell ,
W. J. de Klerk ,
F. J. Kruger  and
M. Field
H. V. Eales
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
J. S. Marsh
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
W. J. de Klerk
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
F. J. Kruger
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
M. Field
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Ratios between elements Mg, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, and Sc are consistently different in mafic rocks of the upper critical zone, and those above the Bastard unit. Within the 300 m section above the Merensky Reef, 87Sr/86Sr ratios increase from c.0.7063 to c.0.7087, irrespective of rock type. Decoupling of Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratios and the Ca contents of plagioclase, and wide variations in the proportions of anorthosite within the Bastard, Merensky, and Merensky Footwall units, are inconsistent with anorthosite formation by simple fractional crystallization of magma batches of limited volume. Conversely, significant differences in Sr-isotope ratios show that these anorthosites could not have shared a common parental liquid. These data are used to develop a model whereby (a) the 300 m column above the critical zone represents the mixing of liquids of isotopically and geochemically discrete upper critical and main zone lineages, (b) mafic layers of the Bastard, Merensky, and Merensky Footwall units crystallized from discrete injections of primitive, mafic liquid while (c) the leucocratic upper parts of these units crystallized during progressive hybridization of liquid residua, which remained after significant separation of mafic phases, with a supernatant column representing the liquid residua of earlier cycles, and (d) the buoyancy of plagioclase, and enlargement of the primary phase volume of plagioclase consequent upon an increase in An/Ab ratio of hybrid liquids, were significant factors in the generation of anorthositic layers.

Keywords

layered complexgeochemistrycrystallizationBushveld complexSouth Africa
Type
Geochemistry
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 50 , Issue 358 , December 1986 , pp. 567 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Buchanan, D.L. (1979) Univ. Witwatersrand Bureau for Mineral Studies, Report4.Google Scholar
Cameron, E.N. (1980) Econ. Geol, 75, 841-71. (1982) Ibid. 77, 1307-27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, I.H. Roeder, P.L., and Dixon, J.M. (1978) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 67, 369-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naldrett, A.J., and Barnes, S.J. (1983) J. Petrol, 24, 133-65.Google Scholar
Coetzer, P.M., de Klerk, W.J., and Hatch, N.P. (1981) Guidebook Third Int. Platinum Symposium, Pretoria, 20-5.Google Scholar
de Klerk, W.J. (1982) M.Sc. thesis, Rhodes University. Eales, H.V. In Guidelines to the evolution of chromite orefields(C. W. Stowe, ed.). Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg (in press).Google Scholar
de Klerk, W.J. and Marsh, J.S. (1983) Chem. Geol, 38, 57-74. and Reynolds, I.M. Econ. Geol.(in press).Google Scholar
Reynolds, I.M., and Gouws, D.A. (1980) Geol. Soc. S. Africa Trans, 83, 243-53.Google Scholar
Gain, S.B. (1985) Econ. Geol, 80, 925-43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmer, R.E., and Sharpe, M.R. (1985) Ibid. 80, 813-37. Irvine, T.N. (1970) Geol. Soc. S. Africa. Spec. Publ, 1, 441-76.Google Scholar
Keith, D.W., and Todd, S.G. (1983) Econ. Geol, 78, 1287-334.Google Scholar
Keith, D.W., Todd, S.G., and Irvine, T.N. (1982) Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearb, 81, 281-94.Google Scholar
Kruger, F.J. (1983) Ph.D. thesis, Rhodes University. and Marsh, J.S. (1982) Nature, 298, 53-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruger, F.J. (1985) Econ. Geol, 80, 958-74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruger, F.J. and Mitchell, A.A. (1985) Can. Mineral, 23, 306.Google Scholar
Kushiro, I. (1975) Am. J. Sci, 275, 411-31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBirney, A.R., and Noyes, R.M. (1979) J. Petrol, 20, 487-554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsh, J.S., and Eales, H.V. (1984) Geol. Soc. S. Africa Spec. Publ, 13, 27-67.Google Scholar
Mitchell, A.A. (1986) Ph.D. thesis, Rhodes University.Google Scholar
Roeder, P.L. (1974) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 23, 397-410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roeder, P.L. and Emslie, R.F. (1970) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 29, 275-89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scoon, R.N. (1985) Ph.D. thesis, Rhodes University. Sharpe, M.R. (1985) Nature, 316, 119-26.Google Scholar
Sparks, R.S.J., and Huppert, H.E. (1984) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 85, 300-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vermaak, C.F. (1976) Econ. Geol, 71, 1270-98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Grunewaldt, G., Sharpe, M.R., and Hatton, C.J. (1985. Ibid. 80, 803-12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar