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The REE- and HFSE-bearing phases in the Itatiaia alkaline complex (Brazil) and geochemical evolution of feldspar-rich felsic melts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Leone Melluso ,
Vincenza Guarino ,
Michele Lustrino ,
Vincenzo Morra  and
Roberto de' Gennaro
Leone Melluso*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
Vincenza Guarino
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
Michele Lustrino
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy CNR-IGAG c/o Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
Vincenzo Morra
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
Roberto de' Gennaro
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The Late Cretaceous Itatiaia complex is made up of nepheline syenite grading to peralkaline varieties, quartz syenite and granite, emplaced in the metamorphic rocks of the Serra do Mar, SE Brazil. The nepheline syenites are characterized by assemblages with alkali feldspar, nepheline, Fe-Ti oxides, clinopyroxene, amphibole, apatite and titanite, while the peralkaline nepheline syenites have F-disilicates (rinkite, wöhlerite, hiortdahlite, låvenite), britholite and pyrophanite as the accessory phases. The silica-oversaturated rocks have alkali feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, amphibole, clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides; the chevkinite-group minerals are the featured accessory phases and are found with allanite, fluorapatite, fluorite, zircon, thorite, yttrialite, zirconolite, pyrochlore and yttrocolumbite. The major- and trace-element composition of the Itatiaia rocks have variations linked to the amount of accessory phases, have smooth, enriched chondritenormalized rare-earth element (REE) distribution patterns in the least-evolved nepheline syenites and convex patterns in the most-evolved nepheline syenites. The REE distribution patterns of the quartz syenites and granites show a typical pattern caused by fractional crystallization of feldspar and amphibole, in an environment characterized by relatively high oxygen fugacity (>NiNiO buffer) and high concentrations of H2O and F, supporting the crystallization of hydrous phases, fluorite and F-disilicates. The removal of small amounts of titanite in the transition from the least-evolved to the most-evolved nepheline syenites stems from petrogenetic models involving REE, and is shown to be a common feature of the magmatic evolution of many other syenitic/ trachytic/ phonolitic complexes of the Serra do Mar and elsewhere.

Keywords

nepheline syenitesquartz-syenitesgranitesperalkaline rocksaccessory phaseshigh-field-strength elementsrare-earth elementsItatiaia
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 81 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 217 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2017

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