Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:41:41.576Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the origin of anomalous birefringence in grandite garnets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

A. G. Shtukenberg ,
Yu. O. Punin ,
O. V. Frank-Kamenetskaya ,
O. G. Kovalev  and
P. B. Sokolov
A. G. Shtukenberg*
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Yu. O. Punin
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
O. V. Frank-Kamenetskaya
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
O. G. Kovalev
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
P. B. Sokolov
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The origin of anomalous birefringence of grossular–andradite (grandite) garnets from skarns in Mali and Russia was considered. The crystals had complex superposition of two phenomena: mismatch compositional strain (stress birefringence) and growth ordering of atoms (growth dissymmetrization). Study of the crystals using several experimental techniques (optical microscopy, microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction topography and X-ray single crystal diffraction) as well as calculations of anomalous birefringence has confirmed this hypothesis. Depending on the crystal composition and growth conditions, the relative magnitude of each phenomenon controls the various optical effects. As a result one can see two groups of crystals which are found to have fundamentally different anomalous optical properties: crystals with low (<0.001) and high (0.001–0.015) values of birefringence. The spatial distribution of birefringence within each group is different and this fact is related to different mechanisms causing optical anomalies: stress birefringence and growth dissymmetrization for these two groups, respectively.

Keywords

birefringencestress birefringencegrowth dissymmetrizationgrandite garnetMaliRussia
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , June 2001 , pp. 445 - 459
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akizuki, M. (1984) Origin of optical variation in grossular- andradite garnet. Amer. Mineral., 69, 328–38.Google Scholar
Akizuki, M., Takéuchi, Y., Terada, T. and Kudoh, Y. (1998) Sectoral texture of cubo-dodecahedral garnet in grandite. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mh., 565–76.Google Scholar
Allen, F.M. and Buseck, P.R. (1988) XRD, FTIR and TEM studies of optically anisotropic grossular garnets. Amer. Mineral., 73, 568–84.Google Scholar
Badar, M.A. and Akizuki, M. (1997) Iridiscent andradite garnet from the Sierra Madre Mountains, Sonora, Mexico. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mh., 529–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, D.K. and Helgeson, H.C. (1980) Chemical interactions of aqueous solutions with epidote-feldspar mineral assemblages in geologic systems. I. Thermodynamic analysis of phase relations in the system CaO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–CO2 . Amer. J. Sci., 280, 907–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanc, Y. and Maisonneuve, J. (1973) Sur la biréffringence des grenats calciques. Bull. Soc. Franc. Mineral. Cristallogr., 96, 320–21.Google Scholar
Brauns, R. (1891) Die optischen Anomalien der Kristalle. Preisschr. Jablonowski Ges., Leipzig, Germany.Google Scholar
Engi, M. and Wersin, P. (1987) Derivation and application of a solution model for calcic garnet. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 67, 53–73.Google Scholar
Fraga, H., Gali, S. and Font-Altaba, M. (1982) Sector zoning as a growth phenomenon and its influence in the optical properties of crystals. The case of grossular-andradite garnets. Estudios Geol., 38, 173–78.Google Scholar
Gali, S. (1983) Grandite garnet structures in connection with the growth mechanism. Z. Kristallogr., 163, 43–52.Google Scholar
Ganguly, J. (1976) The energetics of natural garnet solid solutions: II. Mixing of the calcium silicate endmembers. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 55, 81–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorskaya, M.G., Punin, Yu.O., Sokolov, P.B. and Kretser, Yu.L. (1992) Inhomogeneity of composition and heterometry in crystals of polychromic tourmalines. Mineral. J., 14, 3–10 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Griffen, D.T., Hatch, D.M., Phillips, W.R. and Kulaksiz, S. (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of birefrigent tetragonal pyralspite57–grandite25 garnets. Amer. Mineral., 77, 399–406.Google Scholar
Hatch, D.M. and Griffen, D.T. (1989) Phase transition in the grandite garnets. Amer. Mineral., 74, 151–59.Google Scholar
Hariya, Y. and Kimura, M. (1978) Optical anomaly garnet and its stability field at high pressure and temperatures. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido University, series IV., 18, 611–24.Google Scholar
Hirai, H. and Nakazawa, H. (1982) Origin of iridescence in garnet: An optical interference study. Phys. Chem. Miner., 8, 25–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirai, H. and Nakazawa, H. (1986) Visualising low symmetry of a grandite garnet on precession photographs. Amer. Mineral., 71, 1210–3.Google Scholar
Kalinin, D.V. (1967) On the relations between anisotropic garnets with the composition and chemical environment during their synthesis. Dokl. Akad. Sci., 172, 1167–70 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Kingma, K.J. and Downs, J.W. (1989) Crystal-structure of a birefringent andradite. Amer. Mineral., 74, 1307–16.Google Scholar
Landolt, H. and Börnstein, R. (1979) Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology. Elastic, Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric, Piesooptic, Electrooptic Constants and Nonlinear Dielectric Susceptibilities of Crystals. New Series, Group III, 11, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.Google Scholar
Lessing, P. and Standish, R.P. (1973) Zoned garnet from Crested Butte, Colorado. Amer. Mineral., 58, 840–2.Google Scholar
McAloon, B.P. and Hofmeister, A.M. (1995) Single-crystal IR spectroscopy of grossular-andradite garnets. Amer. Mineral., 80, 1145–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murad, E. (1976) Zoned, birefringent garnets from Thera Island, Santorini Group (Aegean Sea). Mineral. Mag., 40, 715–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novak, G.A. and Gibbs, G.V. (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets. Amer. Mineral., 56, 791–825.Google Scholar
Nye, J.F. (1957) Physical Properties of Crystals. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Perchuk, L.L. and Aranovich, L.Y. (1979) Thermodynamics of minerals of variable composition: Andradite-grossularite and pistacite-clinozoisite solid solutions. Phys. Chem. Miner., 13, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossman, G.R. and Aines, R.D. (1986) Birefrigent garnet from Asbestos, Quebec, Canada. Amer. Mineral., 71, 779–80.Google Scholar
Rossmanith, E. and Armbruster, T. (1995) The intensity of forbidden reflections of pyrope: Umweganregung or symmetry reduction? Zeits. Kristallogr., 210, 645–9.Google Scholar
Shannon, R.D. (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr., A32, 751–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G. and Punin, Yu.O. (1996) Optical anomalies in crystals. Zap. Vseross. Miner. Obshch., 125, 104–20 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Punin, Yu.O. and Kovalev, O.G. (1998) Temperature behavior of optical anomalies in alum crystals. Cryst. Rep., 43, 465–8.Google Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Punin, Yu.O. and Soloviev, V.N. (2000) Effect of growth conditions on the birefringence of mixed crystals revealed in alum solid solutions. Mineral. Mag., 64, 837–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takéuchi, Y., Haga, N., Umizu, S. and Sato, G. (1982) The derivative structure of silicate garnets in grandite. Zeits. Kristallogr., 158, 53–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vorobiev, Yu.P. (1989) Structural, magnetic and thermophysical properties of garnets. Cryst. Rep., 34, 1461–9.Google Scholar