Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T08:03:34.321Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geochemistry of amphibolites from the southern part of the Kohistan arc, N. Pakistan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

M. Qasim Jan
M. Qasim Jan*
Affiliation:
National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The southern part of the Cretaceous Kohistan island arc is occupied by an extensive belt dominantly comprised of amphibolites. These include banded amphibolites of partly meta-volcanic parentage, and non-banded amphibolites derived from intrusive rock. In addition to being relict, banding has also been produced by shear deformation, metamorphic/metasomatic segregation and, possibly, by lit-par-lit injection of plagiogranitic material. Non-banded amphibolites also occur as retrograde products of noritic granulites forming the lopolithic Chilas complex. The chemistry of 37 rocks has been compared with those of known tectonic environments. The amphibolites have chemical characteristics similar to volcanic rocks found in island arcs and most of the analyses apparently support affinity with the calc-alkaline series. The amphibolites consist essentially of hornblende, plagioclase and/or epidote. Garnet and clinopyroxene have developed locally in rocks of appropriate bulk composition. Metamorphism may have taken place during the mid-Cretaceous under conditions of 550 to 680°C and 4.5 to 6.5 kbar PH2O. The metamorphic grade appears to increase from the centre of the southern belt toward the Chilas complex to the north and Indus-Zangbo suture (IZS) to the south. In the vicinity of the IZS, garnet-clinopyroxene ± amphibole assemblage developed locally in response to high P-T.

Keywords

amphibolitesgeochemistryKohistan arcPakistan
Type
Geochemistry
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 52 , Issue 365 , April 1988 , pp. 147 - 159
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrews-Speed, C.P. and Brookfield, M.E. (1982) Tectonophys. 82, 253-75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bard, J.P. (1983a) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 65, 133-44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bard, J.P. (1983b) Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 16, 105-84.Google Scholar
Barker, F. and Arth, J.G. (1976) Geology 4, 596-600.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buddington, A.F. (1966) J. Petrol. 7, 331-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannon, R.T. (1966) Am. J. Sci. 264, 526-42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chatterjee, N.D. (1976) Am. Mineral. 61, 699-709.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, N.D. Johannes, W. and Leistner, H. (1984) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 88, 1-13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhry, M.N. and Chaudhry, A.G. (1974) Geol. Bull. Punjab Univ. 11, 89-96.Google Scholar
Chaudhry, M.N. and Chaudhry, A.G. Kauser, A.B. and Lodhi, S.A. K. (1974) Ibid. 11, 53-73.Google Scholar
Condie, K.C. (1976) Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution. Pergamon Press, New York.Google Scholar
Coward, M.P., Jan, M.Q., Rex, D., Tarney, J., Thirlwall, M. and Windley, B.F. (1982) J. Geol. Soc. London 139, 299-308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coward, M.P., Jan, M.Q., Rex, D., Tarney, J., Thirlwall, M. and Windley, B.F. (1982) J. Geol. Soc. London 139, 299-308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windley, B.F., Broughton, R., Luff, I.W., Petterson, M., Pudsey, C., Rex, D. and Asif Khan, M. (1986) In Collision Tectonics (Coward, M.P. and Ries, A.C. eds.) Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 19, 203-19.Google Scholar
De Waard, D. (1967)Y. Petrol. 8, 210-32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietrich, V.J., Frank, W. and Honegger, A. (1983) Y. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 18, 405-33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobretsov, L.N., Khlestov, V.V., Reverdatto, V.V., Sobolev, N.V. and Sobolev, V.S. (1972) The Facies of Metamorphism. (Translated by Brown, D. A.) Canberra, Aust. Nat. Univ. Google Scholar
Evans, B.W. and Leake, B.E. (1960) Y. Petrol. 1, 337-63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferry, J.M. and Spear, F.S. (1978) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 66, 113-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gansser, A. (1980) Tectonophys. 62, 37-52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oarcia, M.O. (1982) Am. Y. Sci. 282, 783-807.Google Scholar
Ooldman, D.S. and Albee, A.L. (1977) Ibid. 277, 750-67.Google Scholar
Graham, C.M. and Powell, R. (1984) J. Met. Geol. 2, 13-31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heier, K.S. (1962) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 42, 157-65.Google Scholar
Hietanen, A. (1967)J. Geol. 75, 187-214.Google Scholar
Honneger, K., Dietrich, V., Frank, W., Gansser, A., Thoni, M. and Trommsdorff, V. (1982) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 60, 253-92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivanac, J.F., Traves, D.M. and King, D. (1956) Rec. Geol. Surv. Pak. 8, 1-27.Google Scholar
Jakes, P. and White, A.J. R. (1970) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 849-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jan, M.Q. (1979) Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 11, 51-64.Google Scholar
Jan, M.Q. (1980) Ibid. 13, 95-107.Google Scholar
Jan, M.Q. (1985) Ibid. 18,1-40.Google Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. (1983) In ‘Granites of Himalaya, Karakoraum and Hindukush’ (Shams, F.A. ed.) Inst. Geol., Punjab Univ., Lahore, 355-76.Google Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. and Howie, R.A. (1981) J. Petrol. 22, 85-126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. (1982) Am. Mineral. 67, 1155-78.Google Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. and Kempe, D.R. C. (1973) Geol. Mag. 110, 285–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. and Khattak, M.U. K. (1983) Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 16, 31-41.Google Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. and Tahirkheli, R.A. K. (1971) Mineral. Mag. 38, 106-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jan, M.Q. and Asif, M. Parvez, M.K. and Windley, B.F. (1984) Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 17, 153-69.Google Scholar
Kalsbeek, F. and Leake, B.E. (1970) Gronlands Medd. Gronland 104(4), 1-36.Google Scholar
Klootwijk, C.J., Sharma, M.L., Gergan, J., Tirkey, B., Shah, S.K. and Agrawal, V. (1979) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 44, 47-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leake, B.E. (1963) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 74, 1193-202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leake, B.E. (1964) Am. Mineral. 50, 843-51.Google Scholar
Leake, B.E. (1972) Mineral. Mag. 38, 649-65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majid, M. and Paracha, F.A. (1980) Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 13, 109-20.Google Scholar
Manna, S.S. and Sen, S.K. (1974) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 44, 195-218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyashiro, A. (1975)J. Geol. 83, 249-81.Google Scholar
Miyashiro, A. and Shido, F. (1975) Am. J. Sci. 275, 265-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molnar, P. (1986) Am. Sci. 74, 144-54.Google Scholar
Mullen, E.D. (1983) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 62, 53-62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niggli, P. (1954) Rocks and Mineral Deposits. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Orville, P.M. (1969) Am J. Sci. 267, 64-86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J.A. (1975) Tectonophys 25, 41-67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J.A. (1982) In ‘Andesites’ (Thorpe, R. S., ed.) 525-48. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A. and Cann, J.R. (1973) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 19, 290-300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alabaster, T., Scheton, A.W. and Searle, M.P. (1981) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A300, 299-317.Google Scholar
Pearce, T.H., Gorman, B.E. and Birkett, T.C. (1977) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 36121-132.Google Scholar
Perchuk, L.L. (1966) Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR, Earth Sci. Sec. 169, 203-5.Google Scholar
Perchuk, L.L. (1969) Int. Geol. Rev. 11, 875-901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petterson, M. and Windley, B.F. (1985) Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 74, 45-57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plyusina, L.P. (1982) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 80, 140–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poldervaart, A. (1953) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 64, 259-74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, C. McA. (1979) In Geodynamics of Pakistan (Farah, A. and DeJong, K.A., eds.) Geol. Surv. Pak.,Quetta,5-24.Google Scholar
Raase, P. (1974) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 45, 231-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringwood, A.E. (1974)7. Geol. Soc. London 130, 183–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rollinson, H.R. and Windley, B.F. (1980) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 73, 257-63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shams, F.A. (1975) Accad. Naz. Lincei, Ser. 8, 59, 453-64.Google Scholar
Sheraton, J.W. (1984) Chem. Geol. 47, 135-57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sighinolfi, G.P. and Gorgoni, C. (1978) Chem. Geol. 22, 157-76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, V.S., Dobretsov, N., Reverdatto, V.V., Sobolev, N.V., Ushrakova, E.N. and Khlestov, V.V. (1967) Medd. Dansk. Geol. For. 17, 458-72.Google Scholar
Spear, F.S. (1980) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 73, 33-41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storre, B. and Nitsch, K.H. (1974) Ibid. 43,1-24.Google Scholar
Sugimura, A. (1968) In Basalts (Hess, H.H. and Poldervaart, A., eds.) 2,537-71. Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
Tahirkheli, R.A. K. and Jan, M.Q. (1979) Geology of Kohistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 11.Google Scholar
Mattauer, M., Proust, F. and Tapponnier, P. (1979) In Geodynamics of Pakistan (Farah, A. and DeJong, K.A., eds.) Geol. Surv. Pak. Quetta, 125- 30.Google Scholar
Tarney, J. (1977) Initial Rep. DSDP 36, 893-921.Google Scholar
Thakur, V.C. and Sharma, K.K., eds. (1983) Geology of Indus Suture Zone of Ladakh. Wadia Inst. Himal. Geol. Dehradun, India.Google Scholar
Thompson, A.B. (1976) Am. J. Sci. 276, 425-54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, C.P. and Tuttle, O.F. (1960) Ibid. 258, 664-84.Google Scholar
Van de Kamp, D.C. (1969) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 80, 1127-36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Kamp, D.C. and Leake, B.E. (1975) Mineral. Mag. 40, 308-11.Google Scholar
Virdi, N.S. (1981) Tectonophysics 72, 141-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, K.R., Joplin, G.A., Lovering, J.F. and Green, R. (1960) J. Geol. Soc. Aust. 6, 149-77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, B.L. and Tarney, J. (1981) Nature (London) 289, 47-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, R.E. and Poldervaart, A. (1958) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 69, 1323-68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winchester, J.A. and Max, M.D. (1982) J. Geol. Soc. London 139, 309-19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windley, B.F. (1984) The Evolving Continents. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Coward, M.P. and Jan, M.Q. (in press) 60th Anniv. vol., Geol. Soc. China.Google Scholar
Zeitler, P. (1985) Tectonics 4, 127-51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

A correction has been issued for this article:

Errata