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Fungal involvement in bioweathering and biotransformation of rocks and minerals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

E. P. Burford ,
M. Fomina  and
G. M. Gadd
E. P. Burford
Affiliation:
Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
M. Fomina
Affiliation:
Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
G. M. Gadd
Affiliation:
Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Abstract

In the Earth’s lithosphere, fungi are of fundamental importance as decomposer organisms, animal and plant pathogens and symbionts (e.g. lichens and mycorrhizas), being ubiquitous in sub-aerial and subsoil environments. The ability of fungi to interact with minerals, metals, metalloids and organic compounds through biomechanical and biochemical processes, makes them ideally suited as biological weathering agents of rock and building stone. They also play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, (e.g. C, N, P and S) and metals (e.g. Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni) essential for the growth of living organisms in the biosphere. In addition they play an integral role in the mobilization and immobilization of non-essential metals (e.g. Cs, Al, Cd, Hg and Pb). Most studies on mineral-microbe interactions and microbial involvement in geological processes have concentrated on bacteria and archaea (Prokaryota): fungi (Eukaryota) have, to a certain extent, been neglected. This article addresses the role of fungi in geomicrobiological processes, emphasizing their deteriorative potential on rock, building stone and mineral surfaces and involvement in the formation of secondary mycogenic minerals. Such roles of fungi are also of importance for the global carbon reservoir and have potential biotechnological applications, e.g. in the bioremediation of xenobiotic-, metal- and/or radionuclide-contaminated soils and wastes, and metal/radionuclide recovery.

Keywords

lithospherebiosphererocksmineralsmetalsbioweatheringfungimicroorganismsoxalatessilicatescarbonatessandstonelimestoneclaysoilheavy metalsradionuclidesbioremediation
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 67 , Issue 6 , December 2003 , pp. 1127 - 1155
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

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