Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T20:27:57.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Replacement of hydroxylapatite by whewellite: implications for kidney-stone formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

I. Sethmann ,
B. Grohe  and
H.-J. Kleebe
I. Sethmann*
Affiliation:
Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
B. Grohe
Affiliation:
Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (Western University), London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
H.-J. Kleebe
Affiliation:
Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Kidney stones consisting predominantly of whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate, COM) are often found attached to hydroxylapatite (HA) plaques that form in the soft tissue of kidneys, cause lesions and become exposed to urine. Although the processes of stone formation are not entirely known, it is an established view that so-called Randall’s plaques serve as substrates for COM crystal nucleation and growth from correspondingly supersaturated urine. However, the results presented here suggest an additional mineral replacement process is involved. In an experimental approach, HA was reacted in 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM oxalate solutions with pH ranging from 4.5 to 7.5, simulating normal to harsh conditions encountered in urine. Extremely acidic solutions induce dissolution of HA crystals coupled with re-precipitation of the released Ca2+ ions as COM on the HA surface. When, instead, bone was used as a substrate, being more similar to the pathological plaque (aggregated HA nanocrystals within an organic matrix), the HA-COM mineral-replacement reaction is induced even under much milder fluid conditions, commonly found in urine. Hence, a process of COM partly replacing and encrusting Randall’s plaque may take place in the urinary tract of idiopathic stone formers, representing a potential starting event for nephrolithiasis.

Keywords

hydroxylapatitewhewellitereplacementkidney stone
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 78 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 91 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Asplin, J.R., Mandel, N.S. and Coe, F.L. (1996) Evidence for calcium phosphate supersaturation in the loop of Henle. American Journal of Physiology, 270 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiology, 39), F604–F613.Google Scholar
Beniash, E. (2011) Biominerals–hierarchical nanocomposites: the example of bone. WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 3, 47–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, B.P.H., Vincent, K., Lajoie, G.A., Goldberg, H.A., Grohe, B. and Hunter, G.K. (2012) On the catalysis of calcium oxalate dihydrate formation by osteopontin peptides. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 96, 22–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, F.L., Evan, A. and Worcester, E. (2005) Kidney stone disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115, 2598–2608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, F.L., Evan, A. and Worcester, E. (2010) Three pathways for human kidney stone formation. Urological Research, 38, 147–160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebrahimpour, A., Perez, L. and Nancollas, G.H. (1991) Induced crystal growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate at hydroxyapatite surfaces. The influence of human serum albumin, citrate, and magnesium. Langmuir, 7, 577–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evan, A.P., Lingeman, J.E., Coe, F.L., Parks, J.H., Bledsoe, S.B., Shao, Y., Sommer, A.J., Paterson, R.F., Kuo, R.L. and Grynpas, M. (2003) Randall’s plaques of patients with nephrolithiasis begins in basement membranes of thin loops of Henle. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111, 607–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evan, A., Lingeman, J., Coe, F.L. and Worcester, E. (2006) Randall’s plaque: pathogenesis and role in cal c ium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Kidney International, 69, 1313–1318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evan, A.P., Coe, F.L., Lingeman, J.L., Shao, Y., Sommer, A.J., Bledsoe, S.B., Anderson, J.C. and Worcester, E.M. (2007) Mechanism of formation of human calcium oxalate renal stones on Randall’s plaque. Anatomical Record, 290, 1315–1323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grohe, B., O’Young, J., Ionescu, D.A., Lajoie, G., Rogers, K.A., Karttunen, M., Goldberg, H.A. and Hunter, G.K. (2007) Control of calcium oxalate crystal growth by face-specific adsorption of an osteopontin phosphopeptide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129, 14946–14951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grohe, B., Chan, B.P.H., Sørensen, E.S., Lajoie, G., Goldberg, H.A. and Hunter, G.K. (2011) Cooperation of phosphates and carboxylates controls calcium oxalate crystallization in ultrafiltered urine. Urological Research, 39, 327–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gustafsson, J.P. (2011) Visual MINTEQ 3.0 user guide. KTH, Department of Land and Water Recources, Stockholm, Sweden.Google Scholar
Khan, S.R. (1996) Where do renal stones form and how? Italian Journal of Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism, 10, 75–82.Google Scholar
Khan, S.R. (1997) Calcium phosphate/calcium oxalate crystal association in urinary stones: implications for heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate. Journal of Urology, 157, 376–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, S.R., Rodriuez, D.E., Gower, L.B. and Monga, M. (2012) Association of Randall plaque with collagen fibers and membrane vesicles. Journal of Urology, 187, 1094–1100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleber, W. (1943) Bemerkungen zum Problem der Bildung von Kristallskeletten. [Remarks on the problem of hopper crystal formation.] Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, Abt. A., 1943, 106–127.Google Scholar
Lonsdale, K. (1968) Epitaxy as a growth factor in urinary calculi and gallstones. Nature, 217, 56–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millan, A. (1997) Crystal morphology and texture in calcium oxalate monohydrate renal calculi. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 8, 247–250.Google ScholarPubMed
Pak, CYC, Adams-Huet, B., Poindexter, J.R., Pearle, M.S., Peterson, R.D. and Moe, O.W. (2004) Relative effect of urinary calcium and oxalate on saturation of calcium oxalate. Kidney International, 66, 2032–2037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pietrow, P.K. and Karellas, M.E. (2006) Medical management of common urinary calculi. American Family Physician, 74, 86–94.Google ScholarPubMed
Putnis, A. (2009) Mineral replacement reactions. Pp. 87–124 in: Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water–Rock Interactions (E.H. Oelkers and J. Schott, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 70. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC and The Geochemical Society, St Louis, Missouri, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnis, C.V., Tsukamoto, K. and Nishimur, Y. (2005) Direct observations of pseudomorphism: compositional and textural evolution at a fluid-solid interface. American Mineralogist, 90, 1909–1912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, A. (1937) The origin and growth of renal calculi. Annals of Surgery, 105, 1009–1027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sierakowski, R., Finlayson, B., Landes, R.R., Finlayson, C.D. and Sierowski, N. (1978) The frequency of urolithiasis in hospital discharge diagnoses in the United States. Investigative Urology, 15, 438–441.Google ScholarPubMed
Silbernagl, S. and Despopoulos, A. (2007) Taschenatlas Physiologie, 7th ed. [English edition: Color atlas of physiology], Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, H.C.W. (2005) Biominerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 69, 621–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunagawa, I. (1999) Growth and morphology of crystals. Forma, 14, 147–166.Google Scholar
Tiselius, H.G. (2011) A hypothesis of calcium stone formation: an interpretation of stone research during the past decades. Urological Research, 39, 231–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiselius, H.-G., Lindbäck, B., Fornander, A.-M. and Nilsson, M.-A. (2009) Studies on the role of calcium phosphate in the process of calcium oxalate crystal formation. Urological Research, 37, 181–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed