Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:29:48.434Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

‘On the eclogites of Norway’—65 years later

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

W. L. Griffin
W. L. Griffin*
Affiliation:
Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum, Sars Gate 1, 0562 Oslo 5, Norway
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of Norway consists largely of Proterozoic orthogneisses, but also contains paragneisses, peridotites, anorthosites, gabbros and coarse-grained intermediate-acid ‘rapakivi granites’. All of these lithologies enclose eclogites. Structural and isotopic data suggest that many of these rocks were juxtaposed by early Caledonian thrusting prior to eclogite formation at ca. 425 Ma.

Low-P protoliths can be demonstrated for many eclogites. Prograde metamorphism to eclogite facies is demonstrated by inclusion suites within garnet grains and zoning of eclogite minerals. The regional distribution of KD (gnt/cpx) and Xcpxjd shows a decrease in Tmax, and in the corresponding P, away from the present coastline. The lowest values (500 °C, 10 kbar) are found in the Sunnfjord area and the highest (∼ 800 °C) along the coast of Sunnmøre and Nordmøre.

Maximum pressures were reached at temperatures 100–200° < Tmax. This P-T-t path is consistent with the preservation of jadeite-rich cpx (and possible coesite) in the coastal regions. Earlier overestimates of Pmax, based on partitioning of Al between opx and gnt, resulted from combination of early low-T (low-Al) opx and T values derived from cpx/gnt equilibrated at Tmax. Despite pervasive later amphibolitization, high-P assemblages (phengite + kyanite, omphacite + quartz) are locally preserved within gneisses near the coast. The high-P metamorphism can be explained by westward subduction of the Baltic continental plate beneath the Greenland plate, during the Caledonian orogeny.

At least some of the Mg-Cr garnet peridotites of the WGR were derived from low-P protoliths (spinel ± chlorite peridotites, enclosing high-Al pyroxenites). While Sm-Nd mineral ages of most eclogites cluster around 425 Ma, garnet peridotites and their enclosed garnet pyroxenites give Proterozoic Sm-Nd mineral ages (1700–1000 Ma). The tectonic position of the Mg-Cr garnet peridotites, relative to the Caledonian high-pressure metamorphism, remains to be resolved.

Keywords

eclogitegneissesmetamorphismperidotitesNorway
Type
Petrology
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 51 , Issue 361 , September 1987 , pp. 333 - 343
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Present address: CSIRO, Division of Mineral Physics and Mineralogy, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.

References

Andreasson, P.G., Gee, D.G., and Sukotjo, S. (1985) In The Caledonide OrogenScandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 887-902.Google Scholar
Austrheim, H., and Griffin, W.L. (1985) Chem. Geol. 50, 267-81.Google Scholar
Bird, P., Toksöz, M.N., and Sleep, N.H. (1975) X Geophys. Res. 80, 4405-16.Google Scholar
Boettcher, A.L. (1970) J. Petrol. 11, 337-79.Google Scholar
Brastad, K. (1983) Bull. Mineral. 106, 751-9.Google Scholar
Brastad, K. (1985) In The Caledonide Orogen-—Scandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 859-72.Google Scholar
Brueckner, H.K. (1977) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 60, 115. Bryhni, I. (1966) Norges Geol. Unders. 241, 1-68.Google Scholar
Brueckner, H.K. and Griffin, W.L. (1971) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 32, 112-25.Google Scholar
Brueckner, H.K. and Grimstad, E. (1970) Norges Geol. Unders. 266, 105-40.Google Scholar
Carswell, D.A. (1968) Litho. 1, 322-55.Google Scholar
Carswell, D.A. (1981) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 61, 249-60.Google Scholar
Carswell, D.A. (1986) Litho. 19, 279-97.Google Scholar
Carswell, D.A. and Gibb, F.G.F. (1980) Ibid. 13, 19-29.Google Scholar
Carswell, D.A. and Gibb, F.G.F. Harvey, M.A., and A1-Samman, A. (1983) Bull. Mineral. 106, 727-50.Google Scholar
Carswell, D.A. and Gibb, F.G.F. Harvey, M.A., and A1-Samman, A. Krogh, E.J., and Griffin, W.L. (1985) In The Caledonide Orogen-—Scandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 823-42.Google Scholar
Cuthbert, S.J., Harvey, M.A., and CarsweU, D.A. (1983) J. Metam. Geol. 1, 63-90.Google Scholar
Dallmeyer, R.D., and Gee, D.G. (1986) Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 97, 26-34.Google Scholar
Ellis, D.J., and Green, D.H. (1979) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 71, 13-22.Google Scholar
England, P.C., and Richardson, S.W. (1977) J. Geol. Soc. London, 134, 201-19.Google Scholar
England, P.C., and Richardson, S.W. and Thompson, A.B. (1984) J. Petrol. 25, 894-928.Google Scholar
Erambert, M. (1986) Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Paris. Eskola, P. (1921) Skr. Vidensk. Selsk. Christiania, Mat.- Nat. Kl. I, 8, 1-118.Google Scholar
Franz, G., and Althaus, E. (1977) Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh. 130, 159-67.Google Scholar
Gebauer, D., Lappin, M.A., Grénenfelder, M., and Wyttenbach, A. (1985) Chem. Geol. (Isotope Geosc.. 52, 227-47.Google Scholar
Gjelsvik, T. (1952) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr.30, 33134..Google Scholar
Gorbatschev, R. (1980) Geol. Féren. Förh. 102, 129-36.Google Scholar
Green, D.H. and Ringwood, A.E. (1972) J. Geol. 80, 277-88.Google Scholar
Green, H.W. (1972) J. Geophys. Res. 77, 2478-82.Google Scholar
Griffin, W.L. and Brueckner, H.K. (1980) Nature, 285, 319-21.Google Scholar
Griffin, W.L. and Brueckner, H.K. (1985) Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosc.. 52, 249-71.Google Scholar
Griffin, W.L. and Brueckner, H.K. and Carswell, D.A. (1985) In The Caledonide OrogenScandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 813-22.Google Scholar
Griffin, W.L. and Brueckner, H.K. and Heier, K.S. (1973) Litho. 6, 315-35.Google Scholar
Heier, K.S.and Mork, M.B.E. (1981) Guidebook, Excursion B1, Excursions in the Scandinavian Caledonides. Min.- Geol. Museum, Oslo. 91 pp.Google Scholar
Heier, K.S.and Qvale, H. (1985) In The Caledonide Orogen Scandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 803-12.Google Scholar
Qvale, H. and Rétheim, A. (1973) Litho. 6, 2140.Google Scholar
Qvale, H. Austrheim, H., Brastad, K., Bryhni, I., Krill, A.G., Krogh, E.J., Mork, M.B.E., Qvale, H., and Torudbakken, B. (1985) In The Caledonide Orogen— Scandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 783-802.Google Scholar
Gronlie, G., Mysen, B.O., and Bech, O.M. (1972) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 52, 30511.Google Scholar
Harley, S.L. (1984) J. Petrol. 25, 665-96.Google Scholar
Harvey, M.A. (1985) Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Sheffield.Google Scholar
Heinrich, C.A. (1982) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 81, 308.Google Scholar
Hernes, I. (1954) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 33, 16384.Google Scholar
Holland, T.J.B. (1979) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 68, 293-301.Google Scholar
Holland, T.J.B. (1980) Am. Mineral. 65, 129-34.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, S.B. and Wasserburg, G.T. (1980) EOS 61, 389.Google Scholar
Jamtveit, B. (1984) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 64, 971-10.Google Scholar
Jamtveit, B. (1986) Unpubl. Cand. SO. thesis, Univ. of Oslo. 158 pp.Google Scholar
Jamtveit, B. (1987a) Lithos20 (in press).Google Scholar
Jamtveit, B. (1987b) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 82-99.Google Scholar
Koons, P.O. (1984) Ibid. 88, 340-.Google Scholar
Koons, P.O. and Thompson, A.B. (1985) Chem. Geol. 50, 3-30.Google Scholar
Krill, A.G. (1980) Geol. Fören. Förh. 102, 523-30.Google Scholar
Koons, P.O. (1985) In The Caledonide OrogenScandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 475-84.Google Scholar
Krogh, E.J. (1977a) Natur. 267, 1719.Google Scholar
Krogh, E.J. (1977b) Ibid. 269, 730.Google Scholar
Krogh, E.J. -(1980a) Litho. 13, 355-80.Google Scholar
Krogh, E.J. (1980b) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 75, 387-93.Google Scholar
Krogh, E.J. (1982) Litho. 15, 30521.Google Scholar
Krogh, E.J. and Råtheim, A. (1978) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 66, 75-80.Google Scholar
Mysen, B.O., and Davis, G.L. (1974) Ann. Rept. Geophys. Lab. Carnegie Inst. Washingto. 73, 575-6.Google Scholar
Mysen, B.O., and Davis, G.L. (1974) Andresen, A., Bryhni, I., and Kristensen, S.E., J. Met. Geol.(in press).Google Scholar
Lappin, M.A. (1966) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 46, 439-95..Google Scholar
Lappin, M.A. and Smith, D.C. (1978) J. Petrol. 19, 530-84.Google Scholar
Lappin, M.A. (1981) Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh Earth Sci. 72, 171-93.Google Scholar
Lux, D.R. (1985) Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 65, 277-86. Mearns, E.W. (1984) Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Lux, D.R. (1986) Litho. 19, 269-78.Google Scholar
Medaris, L.G., Jr. (1980) Ibid. 13, 339-53.Google Scholar
Medaris, L.G., Jr. (1984) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 87, 72-86.Google Scholar
Mork, M.B.E. (1985a) Chem. Geol. 50, 283-310.Google Scholar
Mork, M.B.E. (1985b) J. Metam. Geol. 3, 245-64.Google Scholar
Mork, M.B.E.(1986) Mineral. Mag. 50, 417-26.Google Scholar
Mork, M.B.E.and Mearns, E.W. (1986) Litho. 19, 255-67.Google Scholar
Mykkletveit, S., Husebye, E.S., and Oftedahl, C. (1980) Natur. 288, 473-5.Google Scholar
Mysen, B.O., and Heier, K.S. (1972) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 36, 73-94.Google Scholar
O'Hara, M.J., and Mercy, E.L.P. (1963) Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg. 65, 251-314.Google Scholar
Richardson, S.W., and Wilson, G. (1971) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 32, 48-68.Google Scholar
Reksten, K. (1986) Unpubl. Cand. Scient. thesis, Univ. of Oslo.Google Scholar
Roberts, D., and Gee, D.G. (1985) In The Caledonide Orogen—Scandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp. 55-68.Google Scholar
Sanders, I., van Calsteren, P.W.C., and Hawkesworth, J. (1984) Natur. 312, 43940.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H.H. (1963) Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 323 pp.Google Scholar
Sigmond, E.M.O., Gustavson, M., and Roberts, D. (1984) Berggrunnskart over Norge 1:1000 000. Norges Geol. Undersøkelse, Trondheim.Google Scholar
Smith, D.C. (1980) Natur. 287, 366-7.Google Scholar
Smith, D.C. (1984) Ibid. 310, 6414.Google Scholar
Mottana, A., and Rossi, G. (1980) Litho. 13, 227-36.Google Scholar
Thompson, A.B., and England, P.C. (1984) J. Petrol. 25, 92955.Google Scholar
Torudbakken, B. (1981) In Excursion B1, Excursions in the Scandinavian Caledonides (W. L. Griffin and M. B. E. Mork). Min.-Geol. Museum. Oslo. 91 pp.Google Scholar
van Roermund, H. (1985) In The Caledonide Orogen— Scandinavia and related areas (D. G. Gee and B. A. Sturt, eds.). Wiley. Pp., 873-86.Google Scholar