An improved form of Refractometer

Extract

The first form of refractometer, in which a reference-scale was substituted for the rotational parts and graduated circles of the more complex instruments, was designed in 1885 by Professor E. Bertrand who at the same time was the first to suggest the employment of a hemisphere of dense glass in place of the prism and cylinder previously used. The original instrument and others on the same principle which have hitherto been constructed do not give satisfactory results, because no attempt has been made to compensate for the curvature of the focal surface of the hemisphere, and the determinations obtained are, therefore, far from trustworthy. In the refractometer described in this paper a corrective lens is placed in the path of the rays emerging from the hemisphere, and the field thus produced is rendered very nearly plane.