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On the structure of Perovskite from the Burgumer Alp, Pfitschthal, Tyrol

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2018

H. L. Bowman
H. L. Bowman*
Affiliation:
Mineralogy in the University of Oxford
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Extract

The question of the system to which perovskite should be referred, and the explanation of the discrepancy between its form and optical-properties, have been the subject of much discussion among crystallograpbers ever since the discovery by Des Cloizeaux, in 1858, of the double refraction of crystals of calciam titanate from Zermatt, having the same composition as the crystals of cubic form from the Ural Mountains, to which the name perovskite had been given by G. Rose in 1889.

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical magazine and journal of the Mineralogical Society , Volume 15 , Issue 69 , November 1908 , pp. 156 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1908

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References

Page 156 note 1 Ben Saude, A., ‘Über den Perowskit.’ Preisschrift, Göttingen (Dieterich'sche Buehdruekerei), 1882. Reviewed by Tsehermak (Min. Petr. Mitt., 1882, vol. v, p. 194)Google Scholar ; by Baumhauer, (Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1883, vol. vii, p. 612)Google Scholar ; and by Klein, (Neues Jahrb. Min., 1884, vol. i, p. 175)Google Scholar.

Page 156 note 2 Holmquist, P. J., ‘Synthetische Studien fiber die Perowskit- und Pyrochlormineralien.’ Inaug.-Diss., Upsala, 1897 ; Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, 1897, vol. iii, pp. 181–268 Google Scholar.

Page 156 note 3 Baumhauer, H., Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1880, vol. iv, p. 187 Google Scholar.

Page 157 note 1 Mar, F. W., Amer. Journ. Sci., 1890, vol. xl, p. 408 Google Scholar. See also Hintze, C., ‘Handbuch der Mineralogie’. 1897, vol. ii, p. 1651 Google Scholar.

Page 157 note 2 Des Cloizeaux, A., Ann. d. Mines, 1858, sér. 5, vol. xiv, p. 417 Google Scholar ; Nouvelles Recherches, 1867, p. 84 ; Mém. de l'Acad. Francaise, 1868, vol. xviii, p. 594 ; Neues Jahrb. Min., 1875, p. 279, 1877, pp. 160 and 503, 1878, p. 48 ; Bull. Soc. fran ç. Min., 1893, vol. xvi, p. 218.

Page 157 note 3 A. Ben Saude, loc. cit., p. 15.

Page 157 note 4 H. Baumhauer, loc. cit.

Page 158 note 1 Baumhauer, H., Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1880, vol. iv, pp. 189, 197Google Scholar; and 1888, vol. vii, p. 612.

Page 158 note 2 A. Des Cloizeaux, Neues Jahrb. Min., 1878, p. 43.

Page 158 note 3 Ben Saude laid stress on the orientation of these pits, as observed by himself and (as he supposed) also by Baumhauer, not being in accord with the symmetry of the basal pinaeoid of an orthorhombic crystal. Baumhauer, however, explained later (Zeits. Kryst. Min., vol. vii, p. 612) that the pits observed by him were as above described, and had been wrongly drawn in Zeits. Kryst. Min., vol. iv, plate 7, figs. 1 and 3.

Page 159 note 1 Tschermak, O., Min. Petr. Mitt., 1882, vol. v, p. 194 Google Scholar.

Page 159 note 2 A. Ben Saude, loc. cit., p. 15. It seems possible, however, that this behaviour of the lamella might occur in a polymorphous crystal, in which cracks existed before the change of state.

Page 159 note 3 Mallard, E., Bull. Soc. franç. Min., 1882, vol. v, p. 284 Google Scholar.

Page 160 note 1 Hessenberg, F., Abhandh Senckenberg. naturf. Ges., 1862, vol. iv, p. 20 Google Scholar.

Page 160 note 2 F. Hessenberg, ibid., 1872, vol. viii, p. 38.

Page 160 note 3 Des Cloizeaux, A., Neues Jahrb. Min., 1877, p. 160 Google Scholar.

Page 160 note 4 In Ben Saude, loc. cit., p. 33 (note).

Page 160 note 5 vom Rath, G., Ann. Phys. Chem. (Poggendorff), 1872, ser. 5, vol. xxiv, p. 595 Google Scholar.

Page 160 note 6 Hessenberg, F., Abhandl. Senckenberg. naturf. Ges., 1872, vol. viii, p. 407 Google Scholar.

Page 160 note 7 Klein, C., Neues Jahrb. Min., 1884, vol. i, p. 245 Google Scholar

Page 160 note 8 Mallard, E., Bull. Soc. franc. Min., 1886, vol. ix. p. 60 Google Scholar.

Page 162 note 1 This work was carried out very skilfully by Messrs. Voigt and Hochgesang of Göttingen.

Page 163 note 1 See Miers, H. A., ‘Mineralogy’. 1902, fig. 864, p. 178 Google Scholar.

Page 164 note 1 Cut with its length parallel to the axis of the quartz crystal.

Page 164 note 2 Baumhauer, H., Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1880, vol. iv, p. 197.Google Scholar

Page 167 note 1 Slightly oblique rays falling on tile outcrop, would be repeatedly reflected internally through the lamella to emerge at the other side of the plate, and might account for the extra brightness of the narrow bands noticed on p. 164, and for their failure to show compensation.

Page 167 note 2 This has since been confirmed by the discovery of miffute rhombie pits in twin-position on a few of the narrow bands.

Page 170 note 1 As determined by means of a prism of about 45° made by polishing a cubeand a dodecahedron-face on the same small fragment.

Page 176 note 1 Loc. cit., p. 27. The fact that on the areas which had suffered change by heating the pits remained unaltered in form, was mentioned by Ben Saude as showing the unsuitability of etching figures for the determination of symmetry. Since, however, the pits only indicate the nature of the structure existing at the time when they were formed, they could not (as has been pointed out by Ewing, Proc. Roy. Soc., 1900, vol. lxvii, pp. 112-117, in the case of etched surfaces of metals) change their shape owing to a subsequent alteration of that structure. Had the crystals been re-etched, there can be little doubt thai; the new figures would have tallied with the altered optical properties.

Page 176 note 2 Brauns, R., ‘Die optischen Anomalien der Krystalle.’ 1891, p, 849.Google Scholar