The direct relationship between the total oxygen content of the steelor the slag composition and the rate of surface defects on the finalproducts has been clearly established by many previous studies.The paper describes the appropriate process parameters to preventthe re-oxidation of the molten steel and clogging of the submergedentry nozzles, two essential factors to meet the product cleannessrequirements: quantification of re-oxidation, control of re-oxidationby slags, air or refractories, control of Ar injection, mechanisms andways to reduce CC nozzle clogging.

The use of chemical energy in the EAF has increased significantly inrecent years, both for enhancing productivity and reducing electricityconsumption. However, these tools are operated following pre-setpatterns, without any feedback information from the process. Thisleads both to non-optimized operations and to occasional blowbackproblems, resulting in damages to burners, lances, watercooledpanels and refractory lining.
CRM has developed an on-line “distance-to-scrap” measurementtechnique that can be fitted inside annular burners. This measurementallows monitoring the melting of scrap in front of each burner,and thus detecting blow-back occurrences before any damage iscreated. This sensor was successfully tested in the Esch-Belval steelplant of ArcelorMittal Profil Luxembourg. Industrial implementation isunder way.


The Carinox production facility comprises a 160 ton EAF, a 180 tonconverter, a twin 180 ton stand ladle treatment station, a singlestrand slab caster, auxiliary plants and the dedusting and automationsystem. This article outlines the principal features of this successfulproject.

CRM developed a new cost effective procedure to have a moreaccurate assessment of roll performance related to oxide formation,friction level and wear for hot rolling. The procedure consists ofinserting different work roll materials in pilot work rolls to performspecific continuous pilot hot rolling campaigns with a detailed analysis.This gives a direct comparison between the different materialstested in a real rolling environment. Furthermore it reduces the technicalrisk related to the introduction of new work roll grades andspeeds up the roll development.

The automobile industry has been marked for continuous modernizationof its projects, in order to meet a high demand of safety, durability,fuel consumption, design and cost.This paper reports the latest developments that have been carriedout by ArcelorMittal Brasil for improving the quality of coated andnon-coated steel products for automotive use, taking into accountan integrated management among Companhia Siderurgica deTubarão (CST), Vega do Sul and ArcelorMittal Auto.