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THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BERMUDA: THEIR FOOD PLANTS, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND MEANS OF DISPERSAL

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.C. Ferguson ,
D.J. Hilburn  and
B. Wright
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Abstract

The 183 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Bermuda are discussed with respect to their world distribution, origin, long-range dispersal capability, host plants, nomenclature, and the circumstances of their occurrence in Bermuda; most are illustrated. Fifty-nine species are reported from Bermuda for the first time; Oenobotys invinacealis Ferguson (Pyralidae) and Tetanolita mynesalis inaequalis Ferguson (Noctuidae) are described as new. Four new genus–species combinations and four new synonymies are proposed.The Bermuda islands have a distressed fauna dominated by introduced pest species and migrants from the North American mainland and Caribbean Region. About 125 of the 183 recorded species are thought to be established residents; the remainder are assumed to be vagrants. Of approximately 50 resident species identified as probably indigenous, 11 species and three subspecies are endemic, and one of these, Semiothisa ochrifascia (Warren), is believed extinct.All Bermudian Lepidoptera are of American origin except the few introduced Old World species that are nearly cosmopolitan. Like Norfolk Island, Australia, Bermuda has a supersaturated lepidopterous fauna — more recorded species than its land area might support, which can be explained only by a high incidence of migrants and transients. This migratory component is explained relative to long-range movements of the same or congeneric species elsewhere; and hypotheses are proposed concerning the natural history of long-range dispersal in eastern North America and the ability of these moths to reach Bermuda. From a list of 113 species of Lepidoptera identified as frequent south–north migrants on the mainland, 76 are recorded from Bermuda. These include 38 of the 40 best-known cutworm moths of the eastern United States. It is argued that such moths reach Bermuda repeatedly without man's assistance and must regularly travel similar distances in North America.

Résumé

Les 183 espèces de Lépidoptères rapportées des Bermudes ont été discutées par rapport à leur distribution mondiale, leurs origines, leurs pouvoirs de dispersion étendue, leurs plantes-hôtes, leur nomenclature, et les circonstances de leurs présences aux Bermudes; la plupart sont ornées de dessins. Cinquante-neuf espèces ont été signalées des Bermudes pour la première fois; Oenobotys invinacealis Ferguson (Pyralidae) et Tetanolita mynesalis inaequalis Ferguson (Noctuidae) ont été décrites comme espèces nouvelles. Quatre combinaisons nouvelles de genres–espèces et quatre synonymies ont été proposées.

Les Bermudes ont une faune affligée, dominée par les espèces nuisibles introduites et migratrices du continent nord-américain et de la région des Antilles. Presque 125 des 183 espèces rapportées sont considérées comme résidentes établies; le reste est supposé d'être migrateur. Parmi les 50 espèces résidentes approximatives, pensées probablement d'être indigènes, 11 espèces et trois sous-espèces sont endémiques, et une de ces dernières, Semiothisa ochrifascia (Warren) est pensée d'être disparue.

Tous les Lépidoptères des Bermudes sont d'origine américaine, sauf quelques espèces introduites de l'ancien monde qui se trouvent presque cosmopolites. Comme pour l'île de Norfolk, Australie, les Bermudes ont une faune sursaturée de Lépidoptères — plus d'espèces rapportées qu'il serait possible pour la superficie terrestre à soutenir, qui pourrait s'expliquer par l'incidence élevée d'espèces migratrices et transitoires. Cette partie migratrice s'explique par rapport à des déplacements de longues distances des mêmes espèces ou d'espèces congénères; et l'on propose des hypothèses en ce qui concerne l'histoire naturelle de déplacements de longues distances à l'est d'Amérique du nord et le pouvoir de ces Lépidoptères d'atteindre les Bermudes. Parmi une list de 113 espèces de Lépidoptères signalées comme migratrices sud–nord très répandues sur le continent, 76 d'elles sont rapportées des Bermudes. Comprises aux dernières sont 38 des 40 vers-gris les mieux connus de l'est des états-Unis. On prétend que de tels vers-gris atteignent les Bermudes à maintes reprises sans l'aide de l'homme et doivent voyager régulièrement à travers des distances semblables en Amérique du nord. [Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 123 , Supplement S158 , 1991 , pp. 3 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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