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SYSTEMATICS OF NEARCTIC SCYTHRIDIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIOIDEA): PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SUPRASPECIFIC TAXA, WITH A REVIEW OF DESCRIBED SPECIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Jean-François Landry
Jean-François Landry*
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
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Abstract

Genera and previously described species of Nearctic Scythrididae are revised for the first time, based on the study of adult structures. About 90 percent of the Nearctic fauna known in collections consists of undescribed species. The supraspecific taxa treated in this work encompass less than half of the Nearctic species diversity. Only six new species are described, all within the largest and structurally most diverse genus. The status of all nominal species is revised. Valid species are redescribed and their features illustrated. General problems in the systematics of the Scythrididae are discussed. A description of adult features of the family Scythrididae is providad. Extra-limital genera are briefly reviewed. A key to the Nearctic genera and informal supraspecific lineages is provided.Six genera, including three new, are treated: Areniscythris Powell, 1976, Arotrura Walsingham, 1888, Asymmetrura gen. nov., Neoscythris gen. nov., Rhamphura gen. nov., and Scythris s. str. Hübner, [1825]. Areniscythris includes a single described species, Areniscythris brachypteris Powell, but is defined more broadly to account for a number of undescribed species. Arotrura is divided into nine informal species groups with the following included species: Arotrura atascosa sp. nov., Arotrura balli sp. nov., Arotrura divaricata (Braun) comb, nov., Arotrura eburnea Walsingham, Arotrura formidabilis sp. nov., Arotrura hymenata sp. nov., Arotrura longissima sp. nov., Arotrura oxyplecta (Meyrick) comb, nov., Arotrura powelli sp. nov., and Arotrura sponsella (Busck) comb. nov. Asymmetrura includes: Asymmetrura albilineata (Walsingham) comb. nov., Asymmetrura graminivorella (Braun) comb. nov., Asymmetrura impositella (Zeller) comb. nov. and type species, Asymmetrura matutella (Clemens) comb, nov., Asymmetrura reducta (Braun) comb, nov., and Asymmetrura scintillifera (Braun) comb. nov. Neoscythris includes: Neoscythris confinis (Braun) comb, nov., Neoscythris euthia (Walsingham) comb. nov., Neoscythris fissirostris (Meyrick) comb. nov. and type species, and Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers) comb. nov. Rhamphura includes: Rhamphura altisierrae (Keifer) comb, nov., Rhamphura ochristriata (Walsingham) comb. nov. and type species, Rhamphura perspicillella (Walsingham) comb. nov., Rhamphura suffusa (Walsingham) comb. nov., and the extra-limital Rhamphura immunis (Meyrick) comb. nov. from Peru. Scythris s. str. includes: Scythris immaculatella (Chambers) rev. stat., Scythris limbella (Fabricius), Scythris mixaula Meyrick, Scythris trivinctella (Zeller), and Scythris ypsilon Braun. A further eight species are phylogenetically distinct from Scythris s. str. but provisionally are only assigned to five informal monophyletic lineages until their cladistic relationships are more firmly established. These are: the Scythris basilaris lineage including Scythris basilaris (Zeller), Scythris eboracensis (Zeller), and Scythris fuscicomella (Clemens); the Scythris interrupta lineage including Scythris interrupta Braun; the Scythris inspersella lineage including Scythris inspersella (Hübner) and Scythris noricella (Zeller); the Scythris anthracina lineage including Scythris anthracina Braun; and the Scythris charon lineage including Scythris charon Meyrick. Three species are incertae sedis: Scythris inornatella (Chambers) comb, nov., Scythrispilosella (Zeller), and Scythris piratica Meyrick.Coleophora albacostella Chambers and Coleophora inornatella Chambers are transferred from the Coleophoridae. Scythris arizoniella (Kearfott) is transferred to the Coleophoridae [Coleophora arizoniella (Kearfott) comb. nov.].The following new synonymy is proposed: Colinita Busck, 1907 = Arotrura Walsingham, 1888; Gelechia aterrimella Walker, 1864 and Scythris epilobiella McDunnough, 1942 = Scythris inspersella [Hübner, (1817)]; Scythris magnatella Busck, 1904 = Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843); Scythris pacifica McDunnough, 1927 = Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875); Coleophora albacostella Chambers, 1875 and Scythris hemidictyas Meyrick, 1928 = Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers, 1875).A cladistic definition of the family is presented for the first time. The monophyly of the Scythrididae is supported by the following synapomorphies: very narrow ductus bursae, broad ductus seminalis anastomosed with the oviduct and the corpus bursae, lack of signum, unique shape of the apophyses of the metathoracic furca, tarsomeres 1–4 with two subapical spurs, aedeagus ankylosed, and origin of forewing veins R4 and R5 on a common stalk with R4 extended to the costa and R5 to the termen. Relationships of the Scythrididae within the Gelechioidea are discussed. Based on the cladistic analysis of 52 structural characters, phylogenetic relationships of supraspecific taxa are inferred. Two cladograms, one for the genera and one for the species groups of Arotrura, are presented and used in deriving the classification.

Résumé

L'auteur présente la première révision des genres et des espèces préalablement décrites de Scythrididae néarctiques, en se fondant sur les caractères morphologiques des adultes. Environ 90 pourcent de la faune néarctique représentée dans les collections consiste en espèces non décrites. Le traitement des taxons supraspécifiques s'applique à un peu moins de la moitié de l'ensemble des espèces néarctiques. Le choix des taxons supraspécifiques traités a été établi principalement autour des espèces et genres nominaux préexistants. Seulement six nouvelles espèces sont décrites, toutes appartenant au genre le plus grand et le plus morphologiquement varié. L'auteur révise le statut de toutes les espèces nominales, et fournit des redescriptions et illustrations de toutes celles qui sont valides. L'auteur discute des problèmes généraux de la systématique de la famille et des genres ne se trouvant pas dans la région néarctique. Il fournit une description des principaux caractères familiaux et un tableau de détermination des genres et des lignées supraspécifiques informelles de la faune néarctique.

L'auteur traite de six genres, dont trois nouveaux : Areniscythris Powell, 1976, Arotrura Walsingham, 1888, Asymmetrura gen. nov., Neoscythris gen. nov., Rhamphura gen. nov., et Scythris s. str. Hübner, [1825]. Areniscythris ne comprend qu'une seule espèce décrite, Areniscythris brachypteris Powell, mais sa définition est élargie pour accommoder un certain nombre d'espèces encore non décrites. Arotrura comprend les espèces suivantes réparties dans neuf groupes d'espèces au statut informel : Arotrura atascosa sp. nov., Arotrura balli sp. nov., Arotrura divaricata (Braun) comb, nov., Arotrura eburnea Walsingham, Arotrura formidabilis sp. nov., Arotrura hymenata sp. nov., Arotrura longissima sp. nov., Arotrura oxyplecta (Meyrick) comb. nov., Arotrura powelli sp. nov., et Arotrura sponsella (Busck) comb. nov. Asymmetrura inclut : Asymmetrura albilineata (Walsingham) comb. nov., Asymmetrura graminivorella (Braun) comb. nov., Asymmetrura impositella (Zeller) comb. nov. et espèce-type, Asymmetrura matutella (Clemens) comb, nov., Asymmetrura reducta (Braun) comb, nov., et Asymmetrura scintillifera (Braun) comb. nov. Neoscythris comprend : Neoscythris confinis (Braun) comb, nov., Neoscythris euthia (Walsingham) comb, nov., Neoscythris fissirostris (Meyrick) comb. nov. et espèce-type, et Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers) comb. nov. Rhamphura inclut : Rhamphura altisierrae (Keifer) comb. nov., Rhamphura ochristriata (Walsingham) comb. nov. et espèce-type, Rhamphura perspicillella (Walsingham) comb, nov., Rhamphura suffusa (Walsinghamt Rhamphura immunis (Meyrick) comb. nov. du Pérou. Scythris s. str. Comprend : Scythris immaculatella (Chambers) stat. rév., Scythris limbella (Fabricius), Scythris mixaula Meyrick, Scythris trivinctella (Zeller), et Scythris ypsilon Braun. Huit autres espèces phylogénétiquement distinctes du genre Scythris s. str. sont temporairement assignées à cinq lignées monophylétiques au statut nomenclatural informel en attendant que leur affinités cladistiques soient mieux établies. Ce sont : la lignée de Scythris basilaris qui comprend Scythris basilaris (Zeller), Scythris eboracensis (Zeller), et Scythris fuscicomella (Clemens); la lignée de Scythris interrupta qui ne comprend que Scythris interrupta Braun; la lignée de Scythris inspersella incluant Scythris inspersella (Hübner) et Scythris noricella (Zeller); la lignée de Scythris anthracina ne comprenant que Scythris anthracina Braun; et la lignée de Scythris charon comprenant Scythris charon Meyrick. Trois espèces ont une position incertaine ou indéterminée : Scythris inornatella (Chambers) comb, nov., Scythris pilosella (Zeller), et Scythris piratica Meyrick.

Coleophora albacostella Chambers et Coleophora inornatella Chambers sont transférés de la famille des Coleophoridae. Scythris arizoniella (Kearfott) est transféré aux Coleophoridae [Coleophora arizoniella (Kearfott) comb. nov.].

L'auteur propose les nouveaux synonymes suivants : Colinita Busck, 1907 = Arotrura Walsingham, 1888; Gelechia aterrimella Walker, 1864 et Scythris epilobiella McDunnough, 1942 = Scythris inspersella (Hübner, [1817]); Scythris magnatella Busck, 1904 = Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843); Scythris pacifica McDunnough, 1927 = Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875);Coleophora albacostella Chambers, 1875 et Scythris hemidictyas Meyrick, 1928 = Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers, 1875).

L'auteur propose une première définition cladistique de la famille. La monophylie des Scythrididae repose sur les synapomorphies suivantes : ductus bursae très étroit, ductus seminalis très élargie et anastomosé à l'oviducte et au corpus bursae, signum absent, forme unique des apophyses de la fourche métathoracique, tarsomères 1–4 avec deux éperons subapicaux, édéage ankylosé, nervures R4 et R5 de l'aile supérieure originant d'un tronc commun avec l'extrémité de R4 atteignant la marge costale et celle de R5 atteignant le termen. L'auteur discute des relations phylogénétiques des Scythrididae au sein de la superfamille des Gelechioidea. Deux cladogrammes, un pour les genres et un pour les groupes d'espèces d'Arotrura, dérivés d'une analyse cladistique de 52 caractères structuraux, servent à élaborer la classification.

Type
Research Article
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The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 123 , Supplement S160 , 1991 , pp. 3 - 341
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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