The number of limit cycles due to polynomial perturbations of the harmonic oscillator

Abstract

We consider arbitrary polynomial perturbations

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of the harmonic oscillator. In (1), f and g are polynomials of x, y with coefficients depending analytically on the small parameter ε. Let us denote n = max (deg f, deg g), H = ½(x² + y²). Using the energy level H = h as a parameter, we can express the first return mapping of (1) in terms of h and ε. For the corresponding displacement function d(h, ε) = [Pscr ](h, ε)−h we obtain the following representation as a power series in ε:

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which is convergent for small ε. The Melnikov functions M_k(h) are defined for h[ges ]0. Each isolated zero h₀∈ (0, ∞) of the first non-vanishing coefficient in (2) corresponds to a limit cycle of (1) emerging from the circle x² + y² = 2h₀ when ε increases from zero. Our main result in this paper is the following.