Metallic Complexes with the Aliphatic Poly-Amines

Extract

The existence of complex compounds of metallic salts with ammonia was recognised in the early years of last century. Platinum in particular readily unites with ammonia, and the early chemists, when studying the general chemistry of ammonium platino-and platini-chlorides, soon discovered highly crystalline ammonia derivatives of platinum which contained an unusually high proportion of the metal. In the formulation of such compounds difficulties at once arose. Thus Peyrone in 1844 knew three distinct compounds of the composition PtCl₂N₂H₆, a pale lemoncoloured compound known as the second chloride of Reiset, an orange-coloured compound discovered by Peyrone himself, and finally a dark green insoluble substance known as Magnus' green salt, discovered by the latter in 1828. The existence of these three compounds, now known as trans and cis dichloro-diaminoplatinum [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂], and as tetramino-platinous platinochloride [Pt(NH₃)₄]PtCl₄ respectively, could not be satisfactorily explained on current theories of salt formation. Similar compounds in which aliphatic and cyclic mono-amines replaced the ammonia groups were discovered later, but it was not until 1889 that Jörgensen introduced the use of the simplest stable aliphatic diamine, viz. ethylene diamine.