Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2008
Burnside[1] considered possible restrictions on the derived group G′ of p-group G and showed that if G′ is non-Abelian, the centre Z(G′) of G′ is not cyclic. This implies that |G′: G″| ≥ p3. Many other restrictions on G′ are to be found in Hall's famous paper [2], but in 1954 Hall proved that if p is odd and |G′: G″| = p3, then |G′| ≤ p. So far as I know, no proof of this is to be found in the literature, but it follows from the lemma below. Our concern here is with the case p = 2, and we shall prove the following.