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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 July 2018
Let A ⊆ [1, N] be a set of integers with |A| ≫ $\sqrt N$. We show that if A avoids about p/2 residue classes modulo p for each prime p, then A must correlate additively with the squares S = {n2 : 1 ≤ n ≤ $\sqrt N$}, in the sense that we have the additive energy estimate
$$
E(A,S)\gg N\log N.
$$
This is, in a sense, optimal.