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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2008
Let R* be a ring with unit element I. For every A ∈ R*, let the mapping A → A′ be an involutory anti-automorphism, i.e. a one-to-one mapping of R* onto itself with the following properties:
Let C* denote the set of all symmetric elements of R*, i.e. C′ = C for all C ∈ C*.
An element A ∈ R* is said to be skew-symmetric if A′ + A = 0 (the zero element of the ring).