Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T15:18:51.642Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cultural Boundary of Expectancy Theory-Based Performance Management: A Commentary on DeNisi and Pritchard's Performance Improvement Model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2015

Kai Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Business, Renmin University of China, PRC
Lynda Jiwen Song
Affiliation:
School of Business, Renmin University of China, PRC
Rick D. Hackett
Affiliation:
DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Canada
Peter Bycio
Affiliation:
Management and Entrepreneurship Department, Williams College of Business, Xavier University, USA

Abstract

We consider Chinese cultural, psychological and social factors that are likely to place boundaries on the applicability of DeNisi and Pritchard's motivational framework and discuss how these cultural barriers play out at each of the links in their model. We conclude with a summary and a discussion of some of the broader implications of applying models of work motivation to a Chinese economy in transition.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © International Association for Chinese Management Research 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, J. R., Chen, C. C. and Dou, S. G. (1997). ‘Conceptions of self and performance-related feedback in the U.S., Japan and China’. Journal of International Business Studies, 28, 605-25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bian, Y. and Ang, S. (1997). ‘Guanxi networks andjob mobility in China and Singapore’. Social Forces, 75, 3, 9811005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björkman, I. and Lu, Y. (1999). ‘The management of human resources in Chinese-Western joint ventures’. Journal of World Business, 34, 3, 306-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boggiano, A. K., Ruble, D. N. and Pittman, T. S. (1982). ‘The mastery hypothesis and the overjustification effect’. Social Cognition, 1, 3849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, M. H. (Ed.) (1986). The Psychology of the Chinese People. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bond, M. H. (1991). Beyond the Chinese Face: Insights from Psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bond, M. H. (Ed.) (1996). The Handbook of Chinese Psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chen, C. (1995). ‘New trends in reward allocation preferences: A Sino-US comparison’. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 2, 408-28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cody, E. (2005). ‘China warns gap between rich, poor is feeding unrest’. The Washington Post, September 22.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwairy, M. (2002). ‘Foundations of a psycho-social dynamic personality theory of collective people’. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 343-60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Entrekin, L. and Chung, Y. W. (2001). ‘Attitudes toward different sources of executive appraisal: A comparison of Hong Kong Chinese and American managers in Hong Kong’. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 6, 965-87.Google Scholar
Farh, J. L. and Cheng, B. S. (2000). ‘A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations’. In Li, J. T., Tsui, A. S. and Weldon, E. (Eds.), Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context. London: MacMillan (pp. 84127).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C. and Lin, S. C. (1997). ‘Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society’. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 421-44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farh, J. L., Zhong, C. B. and Organ, D. W. (2004). ‘Organizational citizenship behavior in the People's Republic of China’. Organization Science, 15, 241-53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerstner, C. R. and Day, D. V (1997). ‘Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues’. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 6, 827-44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graen, G. and Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). ‘Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective’. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 2, 219-47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hitt, M. A., Lee, H. and Yucel, E. (2002). ‘The importance of social capital to the management of multinational enterprises: Relational networks among Asian and western firms’. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 353-72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London, England: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2003). Geert Hofstede™ Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede Scores: China). Available at: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_china.shtml, accessed 10 March 2006.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. and Bond, M. H. (1988). ‘The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth’. Organizational Dynamics, 16, (Spring), 521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hui, M. K., Au, K. Y and Fock, H. (2004). ‘Empowerment effects across culture’. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 1, 4660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (1987). ‘Face and favor: The Chinese power game’. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 944-74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kacmar, K. M. and Carlson, D. S. (1999). ‘Effectiveness of impression management tactics across human resource situations’. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 6, 12931315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, S. S. K., Schaubroeck, J. and Aryee, S. (2002). ‘Relationship between organizational justice and employee work outcomes: A cross-national study’. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law, K. S., Wong, C. S., Wang, D. and Wang, L. (2000). ‘Effect of supervisor-subordinate guanxi on supervisory decisions in China: An empirical investigation’. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11, 4, 751-65.Google Scholar
Lee, C., Pillutla, M. and Law, K. S. (2000). ‘Power distance, gender and organizational justice: A Hong Kong study’. Journal of Management, 26, 685704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, N. (1999). ‘Building a network theory of social capital’. Connections, 22, 1, 2851.Google Scholar
Meng, K. (1999). Meng Zi (Mencius), translated and annotated by Liang Haiming, Shanxi: Shanxi Guji Publishing House, pp. 56–7.Google Scholar
Menon, T., Morris, M. W, Chiu, C-Y. and Hong, Y-Y. (1999). ‘Culture and construal of agency: Attribution to individual versus group dispositions’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 701-17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, M. W and Peng, K. (1994). ‘Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 947-71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naylor, J., Pritchard, R. D. and Ilgen, D. R. (1980). A Theory of Behavior in Organizations. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I. and Norenzayan, A. (2001). ‘Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition’. Psychological Review, 108, 291310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pittman, T. S., Emergy, J. and Boggiano, A. K. (1982). ‘Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations: Reward-induced changes in preference for complexity’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 789-97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, R. D. and Payne, S. C. (2003). ‘Motivation and performance management practices’. In: Holman, D., Wall, T. D., Clegg, C. W., Sparrow, P. and Howard., A. (Eds.), The New Workplace: People, Technology, and Organization: A Handbook and Guide to the Human Impact of Modern Working. Chichester: John Wiley, (pp. 219-44).Google Scholar
Pun, K. E, Chin, K. S. and Lau, H. (2000). ‘A review of Chinese cultural influences on Chinese enterprise management’. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2, 4, 325-38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raider, H. and Burt, R. S. (1996). ‘Boundaryless careers and social capital.’ In: Arthur, M. B. and Rousseau, D. M. (Eds), The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ralston, D. A., Pounder, J., Lo, C. W. H., Wong, Y-Y., Egri, C. P. and Stauffer, J. (2006). ‘Stability and change in managerial work values: A longitudinal study of China, Hong Kong, and the U.S.’. Management and Organization Review, 2, 1, 6794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, A., Schmidt, S. M. and Murray, L. H. (1995). ‘Upward impression management: Goals, influence strategies, and consequences’. Human Relations, 48, 2, 147-68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redding, G. (1993). The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Satow, T. and Wang, Z. M. (1994). ‘Cultural and organizational factors in human resource management in China and Japan’. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9, 4, 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (1997). ‘Influences of adaptation to communist rule on value priorities in Eastern Europe’. Political Psychology, 18, 385410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shenkar, O. (1991). Organization and Management in China 1979-1990. New York: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Shenkar, O. (1993). International Business in China. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Oxford: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Tsui, A. S. (2006). ‘Contextuahzation in Chinese management research’. Management and Organization Review, 2, 1, 113.Google Scholar
Tsui, A. S. and Farh, L. J. (1997). ‘Where guanxi matters: Relational demography and guanxi in the Chinese context’. Work and Occupations, 24, 1, 5679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsui, A. S., Xin, K. R. and Wang, H. (2002). Organizational Culture in the PRC: An Analysis of Culture Dimensions and Culture Types. Paper presented at the 2002 Academy of Management Meeting, Denver, August.Google Scholar
Tyler, T. R., Lind, E. A. and Huo, Y. J. (2000). ‘Cultural values and authority relations: The psychology of conflict resolution across cultures’. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 1138–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vroom, V. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Watt, L. (1999). ‘Managing in the PRC. Better Management, 35 (December), 24–8.Google Scholar
Wayne, S. J. and Liden, R. C. (1995). ‘Effects of impression management on performance ratings: A longitudinal study’. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1, 232-60.Google Scholar
Wong, S. L. (1985). ‘The Chinese family firm: A model.British Journal of Sociology, 36, 5872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xin, K. R., Tsui, A. S., Wang, H., Zhang, Z. X. and Chen, W. Z. (2002). ‘Corporate culture in Chinese state-owned enterprises: An inductive analyses of dimensions and influences’. In: Tsui, A. S. and Lau, C. M. (Eds), Management of Enterprises in the People's Republic of China. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, (pp. 415-44).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, K. S. (1986). ‘Chinese personality and its change’. In: Bond, M. H. (Ed.), The Psychology of the Chinese People. New York: Oxford University Press, (pp. 106-70).Google Scholar
Yang, K. S. (Ed.) (1988). Chinese People's Psychology [in Chinese]. Taipei: Gwei Gwan Tu Shu.Google Scholar
Yang, M. M. (1994). Gifts, Favors and Banquets: The Art of Social Relationships in China. Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Yang, K. S. (1995). ‘Chinese social orientation: An integrative analysis’. In Lin, T. Y, Tseng, W. S. and Yeh, E. K. (Eds.), Chinese Societies and Mental Health. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, (pp. 1939).Google Scholar
Yang, K. S., Yu, A. B. and Yeh, M. H. (1989). ‘Chinese individual modernity and traditionality: Construct definition and measurement’ [in Chinese]. Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Conference on Chinese Psychology and Behavior, 287354.Google Scholar
Yi, J. J. and Ye, S. X. (2003). The Haier Way: The Making of a Chinese Business Leader and Global Brand. Dumont N.J.: Homa and Sekey Books.Google Scholar
Yu, K. C. (1998). ‘Chinese employees’ perceptions of distributive fairness’. In: Francesco, A. M. and Gold, B. A. (Eds.), International Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Zhang, J. and Guo, D. (2003). ‘A study on work-motivational constructs of Chinese employees’. Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology, 9, 1, 38.Google Scholar
Zhang, K., Medcof, J. W. and Jiao, C. (2006). ‘Teamwork Goal Orientation as a New Component of Goal Orientation Conceptualization’. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Atlanta, August 2006.Google Scholar