Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T19:21:09.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2009

Jan VONDRÁK
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic. Email: [email protected]
Pavel ŘÍHA
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic.
Ulf ARUP
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Lund Univeristy, Östra Vallgatan 18, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden.
Ulrik SØCHTING
Affiliation:
Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ø. Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Abstract

A new taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group in the Black Sea region is presented. It is based on the nrDNA ITS molecular data, chemistry (anthraquinone contents) and 20 morphological characters. Six species previously known in the region are accepted: Caloplaca arcis, C. calcitrapa, C. dichroa, C. flavocitrina, C. geleverjae, C. limonia. Five new species are described: Caloplaca arcisproxima, C. austrocitrina, C. communis, C. confusa and C. nigromarina. Seven further species, Caloplaca britannica, C. citrina, C. marina, C. maritima, C. microthallina, C. ora and C. phlogina are also treated briefly. Some maritime species known from the Atlantic coast of Europe are absent from the region, and, surprisingly, Caloplaca citrina s. str. could not be confirmed from the study area. A key to the species present in the region is provided, although morphological characters are of very limited value in this group. The variability and taxonomic importance of particular features are discussed. No significant differences in secondary chemistry were observed among the species.

Many examples of convergence and some semi-cryptic species were revealed by molecular data. The term ‘semi-cryptic species’ is introduced here into lichenology for those species which cannot be clearly diagnosed by their morphology, but which are determined by other characters, mainly by their ecology and distribution. We propose to describe formally such species, in spite of difficulties with subsequent morphological identification.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altekar, G., Dwarkadas, S., Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. (2004). Parallel Metropolis-coupled Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics 20: 407415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aptroot, A. & van Herk, C. M. (2004) Caloplaca britannica common in non-maritime environments. Lichenologist 36: 261264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argüello, A., del Prado, R., Cubas, P. & Crespo, A. (2007) Parmelia quercina (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales) includes four phylogenetically supported morphospecies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91: 455467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnerup, J., Högberg, N. & Thor, G. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis of multiple loci reveal the population structure within Letharia in the Caucasus and Morocco. Mycological Research 108: 311316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arup, U. (1992 a) Caloplaca marina and C. rosei, two difficult species in North America. Bryologist 95: 148160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1992 b) Caloplaca stantonii sp. nov. and its relationship to Caloplaca bolacina and other lobate to squamulose species in North America. Bryologist 95: 449457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1993 a) Caloplaca flavogranulosa sp. nov. and C. citrina, two sorediate species on seashore rocks in western North America. Bryologist 96: 598603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1993 b) Caloplaca luteominia and C. bolanderi in western North America. Bryologist 96: 463470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1994) The genus Caloplaca on seashore rocks in eastern North America. Bryologist 97: 377392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1995 a) Eight species of Caloplaca in coastal western North America. Bryologist 98: 92111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1995 b) Littoral species of Caloplaca in North America: a summary and key. Bryologist 98: 129140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1997 a) Caloplaca maritima, a misunderstood species in western Europe. Lichenologist 29: 503512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (1997 b) [1998] Correction of reports of two Caloplaca species from North America. Bryologist 100: 516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (2006 a) A new taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland. Lichenologist 38: 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (2006 b) Caloplaca sorediella Arup, a new sorediate species from western Britain. Lichenologist 38: 499502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (2006 c) The status of Caloplaca havaasii. Graphis Scripta 18: 3337.Google Scholar
Arup, U. (2009) The Caloplaca holocarpa group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland. Lichenologist 41: 111130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U., Arneng, E. & Søchting, U. (2007) Caloplaca fuscorufa – a misunderstood species in northern Europe. Lichenologist 39: 409414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. & Grube, M. (1999) Where does Lecanora demissa (Ascomycota, Lecanorales) belong? Lichenologist 31: 419430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodo, I. M. & Santesson, R. (1997) Lichens of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. 3. Marine species of Verrucaria (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycotina). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 82: 2737.Google Scholar
Bungartz, F. (2002) Morphology and anatomy of the fertile structures. In Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. I. (Nash, T. H. III, Ryan, B. D., Gries, C. & Bungartz, F., eds): 2435. Tempe: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Crespo, A., Molina, M. C., Blanco, O., Schroeter, B., Sancho, L. G. & Hawksworth, D. L. (2002) rDNA ITS and -tubulin gene sequence analyses reveal two monophyletic groups within the cosmopolitan lichen Parmelia saxatilis. Mycological Research 106: 788795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, S. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of the Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota). Mycological Research 105: 783797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, A. (1973 a) The ecology of marine (littoral) lichens on some rocky shores of Anglesey. Lichenologist 5: 368400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, A. (1973 b) The ecology of maritime (supralittoral) lichens on some rocky shores of Anglesey. Lichenologist 5: 401422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, A. (1975 a) Key for the identification of British marine and maritime lichens. I. Siliceous rocky shore species. Lichenologist 7: 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, A. (1975 b) Key for the identification of British marine and maritime lichens. II. Calcareous and terricolous species. Lichenologist 7: 73115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucard, T. (2001) Svenska Skorplavar. Stockholm: Interpublishing.Google Scholar
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes. Application for the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaya, E., Navarro-Rosinis, P., Llimona, X., Hladun, N. & Lutzoni, F. (2008) Phylogenetic reassessment of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota Lecanoromycetes). Mycological Research 112: 528546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Güvenc, S. & Öztürk, S. (1999) Lichens in the north-east regions of Cyprus. Feddes Repertorium 110: 455463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T. A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 9598.Google Scholar
Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Søchting, U. (1987) Die Flechtengattung Caloplaca in Grønland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience 25: 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harada, H. (2004) Revision of marine and maritime species of Verrucaria in Japan. Lichenology 2: 177.Google Scholar
John, V. & Breuss, O. (2004) Flechten der östlichen Schwarzmeer-Region in der Türkei (BLAM-Exkursion 1997) Herzogia 17: 137156.Google Scholar
Katoh, K., Kuma, K., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research 30: 30593066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khodosovtsev, O. Y. (2001) [A new for Ukraine species of the genus Caloplaca Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae).] Ukrayinskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 58: 460465 [in Ukrainian].Google Scholar
Khodosovtsev, O. Y. (2002) [A new for Ukraine and rare species of the genus Caloplaca Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae) from southern Ukraine.] Ukrayinskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 59: 321329 [in Ukrainian].Google Scholar
Khodosovtsev, O. Y. (2003) [A new for Crimea and Ukraine species of lichens from siliceous outcrops.] Ukrayinskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 60: 7078 [in Ukrainian].Google Scholar
Khodosovtsev, O. Y., Kondratyuk, S. Y. & Kärnefelt, I. (2003): New species of Caloplaca from Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine). Ukrayinskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 60: 293297.Google Scholar
Khodosovtsev, O. Y., Vondrák, J. & Šoun, J. (2007) New lichenized and lichenicolous fungi for the Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine). Chornomorskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 3: 109118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroken, S. & Taylor, J. W. (2001) A gene genealogical approach to recognize phylogentic species boundaries in the lichenized fungus Letharia. Mycologia 93: 3853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laundon, J. R. (1992) New British species of Caloplaca. Lichenologist 24: 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laundon, J. R. (1976) Lichens new to the British flora: 5. Lichenologist 8: 139150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, L. & Ekman, S. (2005) Molecular evidence supports the distinction between Xanthoria parietina and X. aureola (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). Mycological Research 109: 187199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, P. M. (1991) Notes on Australian Verrucariaceae (Lichenes): 2. Muelleria 7: 317332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muggia, L., Grube, M. & Tretiach, M. (2008) A combined molecular and morphological approach to species delimitation in black-fruited, endolithic Caloplaca: high genetic and low morphological diversity. Mycological Research 112: 3649.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Navarro-Rosinés, P., Gaya, E. & Roux, C. (2000) Caloplaca calcitrapa sp. nov. (Teloschistaceae) un nuevo liquen saxícolo-calcícola mediterráneo. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence 51: 145152.Google Scholar
Navarro-Rosinés, P. & Hladun, N. L. (1996) Les especies saxícolo-calcícolas del grupo de Caloplaca lactea (Teloschistacceae, líquenes), en las regiones mediterranea y medioeuropea. Bulletin de la Société linéenne de Provence 47: 139166.Google Scholar
Navarro-Rosinés, P. & Roux, C. (1993) Caloplaca tavaresiana Nav.-Ros. et Roux sp. nov., espèce nouvelle de lichen du littoral de la région méditerranéenne. Nova Hedwigia 57: 169177.Google Scholar
Navarro-Rosinés, P. & Roux, C. (1995) Caloplaca navasiana Nav.-Ros. et Roux sp. nov., espèce nouvelle de lichen du littoral Méditerranéen. Cryptogamie, Bryologie-Lichénologie 16: 8997.Google Scholar
Nimis, P. L. & Poelt, J. (1987) The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sardinia (Italy): an annotated list. Studia Geobotanica 7: 1269.Google Scholar
Nimis, P. L., Poelt, J., Tretiach, M., Ottonello, D., Puntillo, D. & Vězda, A. (1994) Contributions to lichen floristics in Italy. VII – The lichens of Marettimo (Egadi Islands, Sicily). Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence 45: 247262.Google Scholar
Nordin, I. (1972) Caloplaca sect. Gasparrinia in Nordeuropa. Taxonomiska och Ekologiska Studier. Uppsala: Skriv Service AB.Google Scholar
Nylander, J. A. A., Ronquist, F., Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2004) Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of combined data. Systematic Biology 53: 4767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pišút, I. & Guttová, A. (2008) Contribution to the lichen flora of Anatolia, Turkey. Sauteria 15: 403416.Google Scholar
Redchenko, A. A. (2002) [The lichens of seaside part of Kerchen Peninsula.] Ukrayinskyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 59: 426436 [in Ukrainian].Google Scholar
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 15721574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roux, C., Bricaud, O., Ménard, T., Gueidan, C., Coste, C. & Navarro-Rosinés, P. (2003) Champignons lichénisés et lichénicoles de la France méridionale (Corse comprise): espèces nouvelles et intéressantes (9). Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence 54: 125141.Google Scholar
Roux, C. & Navarro-Rosinés, P. (1992) Caloplaca egeana Roux et Nav.-Ros. sp. nov. kaj Caloplaca veneris Roux et Nav.-Ros. sp. nov., du novaj likenspecioj de la mediteranea marbordo. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence 43: 97103.Google Scholar
Ryan, B. D., Bungartz, F. & Nash, T. H. III (2002) Morphology and anatomy of the lichen thallus. In Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. I. (Nash, T. H. III, Ryan, B. D., Gries, C. & Bungartz, F., eds): 823. Tempe: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Sérusiaux, E., Diederich, P., Brand, A. M. & van den Boom, P. (1999) New or interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belgium and Luxembourg. VIII. Lejeunia 162: 195.Google Scholar
Sheard, J. W. (1978) The taxonomy of the Ramalina siliquosa species aggregate (lichenized Ascomycetes). Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 916938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sipman, H. & Raus, T. (1999) A lichenological comparison of the Paros and Santorini island groups (Aegean, Greece), with annotated checklist. Willdenowia 29: 239297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sipman, H. & Raus, T. (2002) An inventory of the lichen flora of Kalimnos and parts of Kos (Dodecanisos, Greece). Willdenowia 32: 351392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sipman, H., Raus, T. & Scharlau, A. (2005) Some lichens have incomplete distribution ranges in the Aegean (Greece). Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 41: 97104.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1992) Caloplaca soropelta (E. S. Hansen, Poelt & Søchting) Søchting comb. nov. Graphis Scripta 4: 3536.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1997) Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 68: 135144.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. & Figueras, G. (2007) Caloplaca lenae sp. nov., and other Caloplaca species with caloploicin and vicanicin. Lichenologist 39: 714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Søchting, U. & Lutzoni, F. (2003) Molecular phylogenetic study at the generic boundary between the lichen-forming fungi Caloplaca and Xanthoria (Ascomycota, Teloschistaceae). Mycological Research 107: 12661276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swofford, D. L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Szatala, Ö. (1943 a) Lichens. In K. H. Rechinger, Flora Aegaea – Flora der Inseln und Halbinseln des Ägäischen Meeres. Denkschriften: Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 105: 1658.Google Scholar
Szatala, Ö. (1943 b) Lichenes. In K. H. Rechinger, Neue Beiträge zur Flora von Kreta (Ergebnisse einer biologischen Forschungsreise nach dem Peloponnes und nach Kreta 1942, im Auftrage des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht und des Reichsforschungsrates, Nummer 6). Denkschriften: Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 105/(2): 2747.Google Scholar
Tavares, C. N. (1956) Notes lichenologiques-IX. Revista da Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa. 2. ser. (C) 5: 123134.Google Scholar
Tehler, A., Dahlkild, A., Eldenas, P. & Feige, G. B. (2004) The phylogeny and taxonomy of Macaronesian, European and Mediterranean Roccella (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales). Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 34 (1): 405428.Google Scholar
Tretiach, M., Pinna, D. & Grube, M. (2003) Caloplaca erodens [sect. Pyrenodesmia]new species from Italy with an unusual thallus type. Mycological Progress 2: 127136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vězda, A. (1975) Lichenes selecti exsiccati. Fasc. 55 (ns 1351-1375). Průhonice: Instituto Botanico Academiae Scientiarum Čechoslovacae.Google Scholar
Vězda, A. (1993) Lichenes rariores exsiccati. Fasc. 6 (ns 51-60). Brno.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J. & Slavíková-Bayerová, Š. (2006) Contribution to the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Bulgaria. II, the genus Caloplaca. Mycologica Balcanica 3: 6169.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J., Kocourková, J., Palice, Z. & Liška, J. (2007) New and noteworthy lichens in the Czech Republic – genus Caloplaca. Preslia 79: 163184.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J., Guttová, A. & Mayrhofer, H. (2008 a) A contribution to the knowledge of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in Crete. Herzogia 21: 105124.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J., Khodosovtsev, A. & Říha, P. (2008 b) Caloplaca concreticola (Teloschistaceae), a new species from anthropogenic substrata in Eastern Europe. Lichenologist 40: 97104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vondrák, J., Šoun, J., Hrouzek, P., Říha, P., Kubásek, J., Palice, Z. & Søchting, U. (2008 c) Caloplaca subalpina and C. thracopontica, two new saxicolous species from the Caloplaca cerina group (Teloschistales). Lichenologist 40: 375386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, A. E. (1965) The genus Caloplaca Th. Fr. in the British Isles. Lichenologist 3: 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetmore, C. M. (2003) The Caloplaca squamulosa group in North and Central America. Bryologist 106: 147156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal DNA genes for phylogenies. In PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications (Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J. & White, T. J., eds): 315322. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Yazici, K. (1999) Trabzon ili likenleri [Lichen flora of Trabzon]. Turkish Journal of Botany 23: 97112 [in Turkish].Google Scholar