Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:22:44.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

How to optimize lichen relative growth rates in growth cabinets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2016

Yngvar GAUSLAA ,
Md Azharul ALAM  and
Knut Asbjørn SOLHAUG
Yngvar GAUSLAA*
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
Md Azharul ALAM
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
Knut Asbjørn SOLHAUG
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
*
Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In order to improve growth chamber protocols for lichens, we tested the effect of 1) wet filter paper versus self-drained nets as a substratum for lichens, and 2) gradual versus abrupt transitions between dark and light periods. For Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. cultivated on nets, RGR increased by 60% compared to those on wet papers, whereas abrupt on/off transitions between day/night gave as high growth rates as gradual transitions mimicking sunrise/sunset. Because thalli on nets had less surface water than those on papers, the higher RGR on nets likely resulted from less suprasaturation depression of photosynthesis. By supporting very high growth and eliminating any visible damage, the revised growth chamber protocols facilitate new functional lichen studies.

Keywords

hydrationlichen cultivationlight regimeLobaria pulmonariaoptimal growth
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 48 , Issue 4 , July 2016 , pp. 305 - 310
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alam, M. A., Gauslaa, Y. & Solhaug, K. A. (2015) Soluble carbohydrates and relative growth rates in chloro-, cyano- and cephalolichens: effects of temperature and nocturnal hydration. New Phytologist 208: 750–762.Google Scholar
Bidussi, M., Gauslaa, Y. & Solhaug, K. A. (2013) Prolonging the hydration and active metabolism from light periods into nights substantially enhances lichen growth. Planta 237: 1359–1366.Google Scholar
Carniel, F. C., Zanelli, D., Bertuzzi, S. & Tretiach, M. (2015) Desiccation tolerance and lichenization: a case study with the aeroterrestrial microalga Trebouxia sp. (Chlorophyta). Planta 242: 493–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, E. J. & Wookey, P. A. (2001) Field measurements of the growth rates of forage lichens, and the implications of grazing by Svalbard reindeer. Symbiosis 31: 173–186.Google Scholar
Cooper, E. J., Smith, F. M. & Wookey, P. A. (2001) Increased rainfall ameliorates the negative effect of trampling on the growth of High Arctic forage lichens. Symbiosis 31: 153–171.Google Scholar
Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, III, W. W., Green, T. G. A., Czygan, F. C. & Lange, O. L. (1990) Differences in the susceptibility to light stress in two lichens forming a phycosymbiodeme, one partner possessing and one lacking the xanthophyll cycle. Oecologia 84: 451–456.Google Scholar
Färber, L., Solhaug, K. A., Esseen, P.-A., Bilger, W. & Gauslaa, Y. (2014) Sunscreening fungal pigments influence the vertical gradient of pendulous lichens in boreal forest canopies. Ecology 95: 1464–1471.Google Scholar
Fernández-Marín, B., Becerril, J. M. & García-Plazaola, J. I. (2010) Unravelling the roles of desiccation-induced xanthophyll cycle activity in darkness: a case study in Lobaria pulmonaria . Planta 231: 1335–1342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gauslaa, Y. (2002) Die back of epiphytic lichens in SE Norway - can it be caused by high rainfall in late autumn? Graphis Scripta 13: 33–35.Google Scholar
Gauslaa, Y. & Solhaug, K. A. (1996) Differences in the susceptibility to light stress between epiphytic lichens of ancient and young boreal forest stands. Functional Ecology 10: 344–354.Google Scholar
Gauslaa, Y. & Solhaug, K. A. (2001) Fungal melanins as a sun screen for symbiotic green algae in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria . Oecologia 126: 462–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gauslaa, Y., Lie, M., Solhaug, K. A. & Ohlson, M. (2006) Growth and ecophysiological acclimation of the foliose lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in forests with contrasting light climates. Oecologia 147: 406–416.Google Scholar
Gauslaa, Y., Palmqvist, K., Solhaug, K. A., Holien, H., Hilmo, O., Nybakken, L., Myhre, L. C. & Ohlson, M. (2007) Growth of epiphytic old forest lichens across climatic and successional gradients. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 1832–1845.Google Scholar
Gauslaa, Y., Coxson, D. S. & Solhaug, K. A. (2012) The paradox of higher light tolerance during desiccation in rare old forest cyanolichens than in more widespread co-occurring chloro- and cephalolichens. New Phytologist 195: 812–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, T. G. A., Sancho, L. G. & Pintado, A. (2011) Ecophysiology of desiccation/rehydration cycles in mosses and lichens. Ecological Studies 215: 89–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heber, U. (2008) Photoprotection of green plants: a mechanism of ultra-fast thermal energy dissipation in desiccated lichens. Planta 228: 641–650.Google Scholar
Heber, U., Bilger, W., Türk, R. & Lange, O. L. (2010) Photoprotection of reaction centres in photosynthetic organisms: mechanisms of thermal energy dissipation in desiccated thalli of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria . New Phytologist 185: 459–470.Google Scholar
Hyvärinen, M. & Crittenden, P. D. (1998) Growth of the cushion-forming lichen, Cladonia portentosa, at nitrogen-polluted and unpolluted heathland sites. Environmental and Experimental Botany 40: 67–76.Google Scholar
Kershaw, K. A. & Millbank, J. W. (1969) A controlled environment lichen growth chamber. Lichenologist 4: 83–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, O. L. & Matthes, U. (1981) Moisture-dependent CO2 exchange of lichens. Photosynthetica 15: 555–574.Google Scholar
Lange, O. L., Büdel, B., Heber, U., Meyer, A., Zellner, H. & Green, T. G. A. (1993) Temperate rainforest lichens in New Zealand: high thallus water content can severely limit photosynthetic CO2 exchange. Oecologia 95: 303–313.Google Scholar
MacFarlane, J. D. & Kershaw, K. A. (1982) Physiological-environmental interactions in lichens. XIV. The environmental control of glucose movement from alga to fungus in Peltigera polydactyla, P. rufescens and Collema furfuraceum . New Phytologist 91: 93–101.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, T. B. D., MacDonald, T. M., Dubois, L. A. & Campbell, D. A. (2001) Seasonal changes in temperature and light drive acclimation of photosynthetic physiology and macromolecular content in Lobaria pulmonaria . Planta 214: 57–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacKenzie, T. B. D., Johnson, J. & Campbell, D. A. (2004) Environmental change provokes rapid macromolecular reallocations within the photosynthetic system in a static population of photobionts in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria . Lichenologist 36: 425–433.Google Scholar
Marks, J. A., Pett-Ridge, J. C., Perakis, S. S., Allen, J. L. & McCune, B. (2015) Response of the nitrogen-fixing lichen Lobaria pulmonaria to phosphorus, molybdenum, and vanadium. Ecosphere 6: 1–17.Google Scholar
McCune, B. & Caldwell, B. A. (2009) A single phosphorus treatment doubles growth of cyanobacterial lichen transplants. Ecology 90: 567–570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearson, L. C. (1970) Varying environmental factors in order to grow intact lichens under laboratory conditions. American Journal of Botany 57: 659–664.Google Scholar
Pearson, L. C. & Benson, S. (1977) Laboratory growth experiments with lichens based on distribution in nature. Bryologist 80: 317–327.Google Scholar
Scott, G. D. (1956) Further investigation of some lichens for fixation of nitrogen. New Phytologist 55: 111–116.Google Scholar
Scott, G. D. (1960) Studies of the lichen symbiosis. I. The relationship between nutrition and moisture content in the maintenance of the symbiotic state. New Phytologist 59: 374–381.Google Scholar
Solhaug, K. A., Xie, L. & Gauslaa, Y. (2014) Unequal allocation of excitation energy between photosystem II and I reduces cyanolichen photosynthesis in blue light. Plant and Cell Physiology 55: 1404–1414.Google Scholar
Štepigová, J., Gauslaa, Y., Cempírková-Vrábliková, H. & Solhaug, K. A. (2008) Irradiance prior to and during desiccation improves the tolerance to excess irradiance in the desiccated state of the old forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria . Photosynthetica 46: 286–290.Google Scholar
Wellburn, A. R. (1994) The spectral determination of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. Journal of Plant Physiology 144: 307–313.Google Scholar
Yemets, O. A., Solhaug, K. A. & Gauslaa, Y. (2014) Spatial dispersal of airborne pollutants and their effects on growth and viability of lichen transplants along a rural highway in Norway. Lichenologist 46: 809–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar