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Challenging the lichen concept: Turgidosculum ulvae (Verrucariaceae) represents an independent photobiont shift to a multicellular blade-like alga

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2018

Sergio PÉREZ-ORTEGA ,
Kathy Ann MILLER  and
Asunción DE LOS RÍOS
Sergio PÉREZ-ORTEGA
Affiliation:
Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), C/ Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. Email: [email protected]
Kathy Ann MILLER
Affiliation:
Herbarium, University of California at Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA
Asunción DE LOS RÍOS
Affiliation:
Department of Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ Serrano 115-dpdo, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Some definitions of the term ‘lichen’ have often emphasized the role of the mycobiont as exhabitant in the symbiosis. Mastodia tessellata and Turgidosculum ulvae, both forming lichen-like associations with foliose algae, have traditionally defied that definition. In this study, we delve into the poorly known association of T. ulvae with Blidingia minima. Using four molecular markers (nrLSU, nrSSU, RPB1, mtSSU) we show that T. ulvae is a member of the family Verrucariaceae, closely related to the marine species Verrucaria ditmarsica. The presence of bitunicate asci and single-cell ascospores is confirmed. Our analysis of a fragment of the rbcL marker demonstrates that the photosynthetic partner belongs to B. minima, although relationships within this taxon remain unclear. Transmission electron microscopy allowed us to illustrate how T. ulvae interacts with Blidingia cells, and how haustoria in that species differ from those previously investigated in other marine lichen-forming fungi.

Keywords

Eurotiomyceteshaustorialichenizationmarine fungiTEMUlvales
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , May 2018 , pp. 341 - 356
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2018 

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