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Twin Siblings: Fresh Perspectives on Law in Development (and Vice Versa)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2016

FLORIAN F. HOFFMANN
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REVIEW ESSAY
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Leiden Journal of International Law , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 267 - 287
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Copyright © Foundation of the Leiden Journal of International Law 2016 

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References

1 Gabriel García Márquez, Cien Años de Soledad (2009), 14 (‘Incredible things are happening in the world . . . Right there across the river there are all kinds of magical instruments while we keep on living like donkeys’, translation from the Penguin Classics edition 2000 (trans. Gregory Rabassa)).

2 Trubek, D.M., ‘Toward a social theory of law: an essay on the study of law and development’, (1972) 82 Yale Law Journal 2, at 50CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Ibid.

4 Trubek, D.M. and Galanter, M., ‘Scholars in Self-Estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States’, (1974) Wisconsin Law Review 1062 Google Scholar.

5 See, inter alia, Trubek, D.M. and Santos, A. (eds.), The New Law and Development: A Critical Appraisal (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Kennedy, D., ‘Laws and Developments’, in Hatchard, J. and Perry-Kessaris, A. (eds.), Law and Development: Facing Complexity in the 21 St Century (2003), 17 Google Scholar; Rittich, K., ‘The Future of Law and Development: Second Generation Reforms and the Incorporation of the Social’, (2004) 26 The Michigan Journal of International Law 199 Google Scholar; Hoffmann, F., ‘Revolution or Regression? Retracing the Turn to Rights in ‘Law and Development’, (2016) 23 Finnish Yearbook of International Law 45 Google Scholar.

6 The analogy was inspired by Marks, S., ‘State-Centrism, International Law, and the Anxieties of Influence’, (2006) 19 LJIL 339 Google Scholar.

7 See Hoffmann, F., ‘International Legalism and International Politics’, in Orford, A. and Hoffmann, F., The Oxford Handbook on the Theory of International Law (2016), 954 at 959Google Scholar.

8 A notable exception, however, is S. Pahuja, Decolonizing International Law: Development, Economic Growth, and the Politics of Universality (2011), and, of course, Trubek and Santos, supra note 5.

9 L. Eslava, Local Space, Global Life: The Everyday Operation of International Law and Development (2015), at xiii.

10 It is not, of course, unique to Germany but also exists, amongst others, in Austria, France, and Russia.

11 See P. Dann, Entwicklungsverwaltungsrecht (2012).

12 For some intellectual background by another mediator between legal worlds see Teubner, G., ‘How the Law Thinks: Towards a Constructivist Epistemology of Law’, (1989) 23 Law & Society Review 727 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Eslava, supra note 9, at xiv.

14 Ibid., at xiii.

15 Ibid.

16 Ibid.

17 Ibid.

18 Ibid., at 21.

19 Ibid., at 298.

20 Trubek, supra note 2, at 50.

21 See B. Rajagopal, International Law From Below (2003), xiv.

22 Dann had (previously) contributed several entries to Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006)Google Scholar; has also co-edited the first systematic treatment of ‘law and development’ in German, see Dann, P., Kadelbach, S. and Kaltenborn, M. (eds.), Entwicklung und Recht: Eine systematische Einführung (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

23 P. Dann, The Law of Development Cooperation: A Comparative Analysis of the World Bank, the EU, and Germany (2013), at 7.

24 Ibid., at 18.

25 These distinctions are themselves in continuous flux, as, for instance, the recent re-definition of ODA by the OECD in order to allow for (some) military support shows; see ‘OECD re-defines foreign aid to include some military spending’, The Guardian, 20 February 2016, available at www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/feb/20/oecd-redefines-foreign-aid-to-include-some-military-spending (accessed 26 April 2016).

26 Dann, supra note 23, at 1.

27 B. Kingsbury, N. Krisch and R.B. Stewart, ‘The Emergence of Global Administrative Law’, (2005) New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers – Paper No. 17, 15 at 16.

28 See J. D'Aspremont, Formalism and the Sources of International Law (2011); Venzke, I., ‘Contemporary Theories and International Law-Making’, in Bröhlmann, C. and Radi, Y. (eds.), Research Handbook on the Theory and Practice of International Lawmaking (2016), 66 Google Scholar.

29 For this well-known metaphor, see Luhmann, N., ‘Die Weltgesellschaft’, (1971) 57 Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 1 Google Scholar.

30 See Kingsbury, B., ‘The Concept of “Law” in Global Administrative Law’, (2009) 20 EJIL 23 Google Scholar, as well as the two engaged replies by Somek, A., ‘The Concept of “Law” in Global Administrative Law: A Reply to Benedict Kingsbury’, (2009) 20 EJIL 985 Google Scholar, and Kuo, M.-S., ‘The Concept of “Law” in Global Administrative Law: A Reply to Benedict Kingsbury’, (2009) 20 EJIL 997 Google Scholar.

31 See Somek, supra note 30, at 986.

32 Ibid.

33 See Kuo, M.-S., ‘Taming Governance with Legality? Critical Reflections upon Global Administrative Law as Small-c Global Constitutionalism’, (2011) 44 JILP 55, at 80Google Scholar; see also von Bogdandy, A., Dann, P. and Goldmann, M., ‘Developing the Publicness of Public International Law: Towards a Legal Framework of Global Governance Activities’, in von Bogdandy, A. et al. (eds.) The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions. Advancing International Institutional Law (2010) 3 Google Scholar.

34 Dann, supra note 23, at 200.

35 See von Bogdandy, A., ‘Constitutionalism in International Law: Comment on a Proposal from Germany’, (2006) 47 HILJ 223 Google Scholar.

36 See, for instance, N. Krisch, ‘Global Administrative Law and the Constitutional Ambition’, (2009) LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 10/2009.

37 See Bogdandy, supra note 35, at 238, and García-Salmones, M., ‘On Carl Schmitt's Reading of Hobbes: Lessons for Constitutionalism in International Law’, (2007) 4 Nofo 61, at 77Google Scholar.

38 See Petersmann, H.-U., ‘Time for a United Nations “Global Compact” for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of Worldwide Organizations: Lessons from European Integration’, (2002) 13 EJIL 621 Google Scholar and the critical reply in Alston, P., ‘Resisting the Merger and Acquisition of Human Rights by Trade Law: A Reply to Petersmann’, (2002) 13 EJIL 815 Google Scholar; see more recently A. Orford, ‘The Politics of Anti-Legalism in the Intervention Debate’, Global Policy, 30 May 2014, available at www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/30/05/2014/politics-anti-legalism-intervention-debate (accessed 23 April 2016).

39 See Cohen, H.G., ‘Finding International Law, Part II: Our Fragmenting Legal Community’, (2012) 44 International Law and Politics 1049 Google Scholar; J. von Bernstorff, ‘Georg Jellinek and the Origins of Liberal Constitutionalism in International Law’, (2012) Goettingen Journal of International Law 659.

40 Dann, supra note 23, at 25.

41 Ibid., at 21 and 23.

42 See OECD DAC Statistical Reporting Directive, DCD/DAC (2010) 40/REV1 of 12 November 2010; See Dann, supra note 23, at 15.

43 Dann is, however, neither unaware of, nor, in principle, unsympathetic to these perspectives, as is made clear(er) in his recent, ‘The Global Administrative Law of Development Cooperation’, in Cassese, S. (ed.), The Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (2016), 415 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

44 See, for instance, Schulpen, L., Loman, B., and Kinsbergen, S., ‘Worse than Expected? A Comparative Analysis of Donor Proliferation and Aid Fragmentation’, (2011) 31 Public Administration and Development 321 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and, ‘officially’, S. Knack, ‘Donor Fragmentation and Aid Effectiveness’, World Bank Development Research Group Brief, available at siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPUBSERV/Resources/477250-1172079852483/knack_print_060208.pdf (accessed 22 April 2016); See Dann, supra note 23, at 132.

45 Dann, supra note 23, at 150.

46 Ibid., at 149.

47 See also his earlier von Bogdandy, A., ‘International Composite Administration: Conceptualizing Multi-Level and Network Aspects in the Exercise of International Public Authority’, (2008) 9 German Law Journal 2013 Google Scholar; specifically on the World Bank, see Krever, T., ‘The Legal Turn in Late Development Theory: The Rule of Law and the World Bank's Development Model’, (2011) 52 HILJ 288 Google Scholar.

48 Dann, supra note 23, at 222.

49 See von Bogdandy, A, ‘Prolegomena zu Prinzipien internationalisierter und internationaler Verwaltung', in Trute, H.-H. et al. (eds.), Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht – Zur Tragfähigkeit eines Konzepts (2008), 683 at 692Google Scholar; See Dann, supra note 23, at 222

50 Dann, supra note 23, at 223.

51 Ibid., at 224.

52 See UN Doc. A/RES/41/128 (1986) and Realizing the Right to Development – Essays in Commemoration of 25 Years of the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development, HR/PUB/12/4 (2013).

53 See Gauri, V. and Gloppen, S., ‘Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Concepts, Evidence, and Policy’, (2012) 44 Polity 485 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hoffmann, supra note 5.

54 See Marks, S.P., ‘The Human Right to Development: Between Rhetoric and Reality’, (2004) 17 HRRJ 139 Google Scholar.

55 See Koskenniemi, M., ‘Constitutionalism, Managerialism and the Ethos of Legal Education’, (2007) 1 European Journal of Legal Studies 8 Google Scholar; ibid., ‘The Politics of International Law’ (1990) 1 EJIL 4 Google Scholar; ibid., ‘The Politics of International Law—20 Years Later’ (2009) 20 EJIL 7 Google Scholar; ibid., ‘Miserable Comforters: International Relations as New Natural Law’, (2009) 15 European Journal of International Relations 395.

56 See A. Furia, The Foreign Aid Regime Gift-Giving, States and Global Dis/Order (2015); J. Beard, The Political Economy of Desire: International Law, Development and the Nation-State (2007); Zumbansen, P., ‘Administrative Law's Global Dream: Navigating Regulatory Spaces Between “National” and “International”’, (2013) 11 International Journal of Constitutional Law 506 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

57 Dann, supra note 23, at 305.

58 See Gottschalk, R., ‘The Effectiveness of IMF/World Bank-Funded Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers’, in Bangura, Y. (ed.), Developmental Pathways to Poverty Reduction (2015)Google Scholar.

59 Dann, supra note 23, at 335.

60 Ibid., at 409.

61 Eslava, supra note 9, at 71.

62 See Pahuja, supra note 8.

63 Rajagopal, supra note 21, at xiv; See Eslava, supra note 9, at 291.

64 Eslava, supra note 9, at 91.

65 Ibid., at 93.

66 Ibid., at xvi.

67 See Hoffmann, supra note 7, at 959.

68 See also Comaroff, J. and Comaroff, J.L., ‘Law and Disorder in the Postcolony’, in Comaroff, J. and Comaroff, J.L. (eds.) Law and Disorder in the Postcolony (2006) 1 at 22CrossRefGoogle Scholar; See Eslava, supra note 9, at 37.

69 See C. Thomas, ‘Re-Reading Weber in Law and Development: A Critical Intellectual History of “Good Governance” Reform’, (2008) Cornell Law Faculty Publications - Paper 118.

70 See Pahuja, supra note 8, as well as, Eslava, L. and Pahuja, S., ‘Beyond the (Post)Colonial: TWAIL and the Everyday Life of International Law’, (2012) 45 Journal of Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America - Verfassung und Recht in Übersee (VRÜ) 195 Google Scholar.

71 See also his own earlier ‘Istanbul Vignettes: Observing the Everyday Operation of International Law’, (2014) 2 London Review of International Law 3; Dias, M. and Eslava, L., ‘Horizons of Inclusion: Life between Laws and Developments in Rio de Janeiro’, (2013) 44 University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 177 Google Scholar.

72 Eslava, supra note 9, at 293.

73 Ibid., at 61.

74 A. Giridharas, ‘36 Hours in Bogotá, Colombia’, New York Times, 25 June 2010, available at www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/travel/04hours.html (accessed 22 April 2016); See Eslava, supra note 9, at 64.

75 Ibid., Eslava, at 297.

76 See Trubek, D.M., ‘Developmental States and the Legal Order: Towards a New Political Economy of Development and Law’, (2008) 1075 University of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper 1 Google Scholar; Gathii, J., ‘Good Governance as a Counter Insurgency Agenda to Oppositional and Transformative Social Projects in International Law’, (1999) 5 Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 107 Google Scholar.

77 Eslava, supra note 9, at 259.

78 Ibid., at 294.

79 Ibid., at 271.

80 See Kotiaho, P., ‘A Return to Koskenniemi, or the Disconcerting Co-optation of Rupture’, (2012) 13 German Law Journal 483 Google Scholar; Hoffmann, supra note 7, at 973.

81 See M. Koskenniemi, ‘The Politics of International Law’, (2012) Lecture delivered at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge, 26 January 2012, available at www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E3AGVTHsq4 (accessed April 26, 2016).

82 Dann, supra note 23, at 23.

83 Eslava, supra note 9, at 305.