Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T23:22:58.643Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Too Much Democracy or Too Much Crime? Lessons from California's Three-Strikes Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2002 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amar, Akhil Reed. 1991. The Bill of Rights as Constitution. Yale Law Journal 100: 1131–239.Google Scholar
Beck, Allen J., and Harrison, Paige M. 2001. Prisoners in 2000. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Becker, Howard S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.Google Scholar
Blumstein, Alfred, Cohen, Jacqueline, and Nagin, Daniel, eds. 1978. Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on Crime Rates. Washington, D. C.: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Blumstein, Alfred, and Wallman, Joel, eds. 2000. The Crime Drop in America. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Borgida, Eugene. 1981. Legal Reform of Rape Laws. In Applied Social Psychology Annual, vol. 2, ed. Bickman, Leonard, 211–41. Beverley Hills, Calif.: Sage.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame, and Reintegration. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bureau of Justice Statistics 2000. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1999. Washington D. C.: Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Burgdorf, Karen. 1980. Recognition and Reporting of Child Maltreatment. In Findings from the National Study of the Incidence and Severity of Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, D. C.: National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect.Google Scholar
California Department of Justice. 2001. Key Facts. Available from Criminal Justice Statistics Center. http://www.caag.state.ca.us/cjsc/keyfacts.htm.Google Scholar
Dilulio, John J. 1995. Arresting Ideas: Tougher Law Enforcement is Driving Down Urban Crime. Policy Review 74: 1216.Google Scholar
Farrington, David P., and Langan, Patrick A. 1992. Changes in Crime and Punishment in England and America in the 1980s. Justice Quarterly 9: 531.Google Scholar
Federal Bureau of Investigation. 195299. Crime in the United States. Uniform Crime Reports Manual, 19521999. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, James L. 1978. Race as a Determinant of Criminal Sentences: A Methodological Critique and a Case Study. Law and Society Review 12: 455–78.Google Scholar
LaFree, Gary 1998. Losing Legitimacy: Street Crime and the Decline of Social Institutions in America. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
LaFree, Gary 2000. Explaining the Crime Bust of the 1990s. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 91: 269305.Google Scholar
Langan, Patrick A., and Innes, Christopher A. 1986. Preventing Domestic Violence Against Women. U. S. Department of Justice: Bureau of Justice Statistics.Google Scholar
Legislative Analyst's Office. 2000. Implementing Proposition 36: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities. 14 December. Available at http://www.lao.ca.gov.Google Scholar
Lerman, Lisa G. 1986. Prosecution of Wife Beaters: Institutional Obstacles and Innovations. In Violence in the Home: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, ed. Lystad, M. New York: Brunner/Mazel.Google Scholar
Loh, Wallace D. 1981. Q: What Has Reform of Rape Legislation Wrought? A: Truth in Criminal Labeling. Journal of Social Issues 37: 2852.Google Scholar
Madison, James. 1941 [1787]. The Federalist: A Commentary on the Constitution of the United States. New York: Modern Library.Google Scholar
Martinson, Robert. 1974. What Works? Questions and Answers About Prison Reform. Public Interest 35: 2254.Google Scholar
Myers, Martha. 1988. Social Background and the Sentencing Behavior of Judges. Criminology 26: 649–75.Google Scholar
Niemi, Richard G., Mueller, John, and Smith, Tom W. 1989. Trends in Public Opinion: A Compendium of Survey Data. New York: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Robert M. 1996. Police Productivity and Crime Rates: 1973–1992. Criminology 34: 183208.Google Scholar
Peters, S. D., Wyatt, G. E., and Finkelhor, D. 1986. Prevalence. In A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse, ed. Finkelhor, D., Araji, S., Baron, L., Browne, A., Peters, S. D., and Wyatt, G. E. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Quinney, Richard. 1973. Critique of Legal Order. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar
Reitz, Kevin. 1993. Sentencing Facts: Travesties of Real-Offense Sentencing. Stanford Law Review 45: 523–73.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, Richard. 2000. Patterns in Adult Homicide: 1980–1995. In The Crime Drop in America, ed. Blumstein, A. and Wallman, J., 130–63. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Savelsberg, Joachim J. 1994. Knowledge, Domination, and Criminal Punishment. American Journal of Sociology 99: 911–43.Google Scholar
Sherman, Lawrence W. 2001. Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice. Washington, D. C.: National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Sherman, Lawrence W., Denise Gottfredson, Doris MacKenzie, John Eck, Peter Reuter, and Shawn D. Bushway, eds. 1997. Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising. Available at http://www.preventingcrime.org.Google Scholar
Shichor, David 1997. Three Strikes as a Public Policy: The Convergence of the New Penology and the McDonaldization of Punishment. Crime and Delinquency 43: 470–93.Google Scholar
Spelman, William 2000. The Limited Importance of Prison Expansion. In The Crime Drop in America, ed. Blumstein, A. and Wallman, J., 97129. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Spohn, Cassia C. 2002. How Do Judges Decide? The Search for Fairness and Justice in Punishment. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.Google Scholar
Stacy, Tom 1997. States in a Federal System: Whose Interests Does Federalism Protect Kansas Law Review 45: 1185–217.Google Scholar
Stolzenberg, Lisa, and D'Alessio, Stewart J. 1997. “Three Strikes and You're Out”: The Impact of California's New Mandatory Sentencing Law on Serious Crime Rates. Crime and Delinquency 43: 457–70.Google Scholar
Sutherland, Edwin H. 1947. Principles of Criminology. 4th ed. Chicago: J. B. Lippincott.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis de 1956 [1835]. Democracy in America, ed. Heffner, Richard D. New York: Mentor Books.Google Scholar
Tonry, Michael. 1996. Sentencing Matters. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tonry, Michael, and Farrington, David P. 1995. Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention. In Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention, ed. Tonry, M. and Farrington, D., 120. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Michael G., and Sundt, Jody L. 1995. “Three Strikes and You're Out” Legislation: A National Assessment. Federal Probation 59: 1636.Google Scholar
Useem, Bett, Liedka, Raymond V., and Piehl, Anne M. 2002. “Popular Support for the Prison Build-Up. Punishment and Society 5: 532.Google Scholar
Visher, Christy, and Weisburd, David. 1997. Identifying What Works: Recent Trends in Crime Prevention Strategies. Crime, Law, and Social Change 28: 223–42.Google Scholar
Washington Post. 1995. Three Strikes Tough on Courts Too: California's Sentencing Law Leads to Criminal Justice Logjam. Washington Post, 8 March, A1.Google Scholar
Washington Post. 2002. Appeal Revives Debate over California Crime Law. Washington Post, 5 May, A3.Google Scholar
Zimring, Franklin E., and Hawkins, Gordon. 1997. Crime Is Not the Problem: Lethal Violence in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zimring, Franklin E., Hawkins, Gordon, and Kamin, Sam. 1999. Crime and Punishment in California: The Impact of Three Strikes and You're Out. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of Government Studies Press.Google Scholar