Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T04:42:12.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Old Tools and New Movements in Latin America: Political Science as Gatekeeper or Intellectual Illuminator?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Sara C. Motta*
Affiliation:
School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham. [email protected]

Abstract

This article argues that social democratic and orthodox Marxist conceptualizations of politics are unable to “engage in solidarity” with many new forms of Latin American popular politics. Such movements challenge the politics of representation, the market economy, and the state form by reinventing territorialized experiments in self-government, which politicize place, subjectivities, and social relations. Developing a critique of these frameworks of political analysis, this article argues that conceptual categories combining the insights of autonomist or open Marxism and poststructuralism and the critical reflections and theorizations by Latin America's newest social movements enable a deeper engagement with such movements. This critique challenges academics committed to progressive social change to reexamine long-held notions about the nature and agents of social transformation and the epistemological categories that orient our research. It argues that if we fail to do this, then we risk becoming gatekeepers of the status quo.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agüero, Felipe, and Stark, Jeffrey. 1998. Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America. Coral Gables: University of Miami North-South Center Press.Google Scholar
Angulo Ruiz, Luis. 2006. Francisco Wuytack: la revolución de la conciencia. Caracas: Fundación Editorial el Perro y la Rana.Google Scholar
Arruda, Marcos, and Boff, Leonardo. 2005. Humanizar lo infrahumano: la formación del ser humano integral: homo evolutivo, praxis y economía solidaria. Barcelona: Icaria.Google Scholar
Bevington, Douglas, and Dixon, Chris Humanizar lo infrahumano: la formación del ser humano integral: homo evolutivo, praxis y economía solidaria. 2005, 3: 185208.Google Scholar
Bieler, Andreas, and Morton, Adam. 2003. Globalization, the State, and Class Struggle: a “Critical Economy” Engagement with Open Marxism. British Journal of Political and International Relations 5, 4: 467–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boff, Leonardo. 2004. Fé e política: fundamentos. São Paulo: Aparecida.Google Scholar
Burdick, Michael. 1995. For God and Fatherland: Religion and Politics in Argentina. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Callinicos, Alex. 2003. An Anti-capitalist Manifesto. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Castañeda, Jorge. 2006. Latin America's Left Turn. Foreign Affairs 85, 3.Google Scholar
Chatterton, Paul. 2004. Making Autonomous Geographies: Argentina's Popular Uprising and the Movimiento de Trabajadores Desocupados (Unemployed Workers' Movement). Geoforum 36, 5: 545–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Diana. 1999. The Power of Distance: Re-Theorizing Social Movements in Latin America. Theory and Society 28, 4: 585638.Google Scholar
De Angelis, Massimo. 2005. Zapatismo and Globalization as Social Relations. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, special edition, Zapatismo as Political and Cultural Practice. 29, 1: 179203.Google Scholar
De Angelis, Massimo. 2007. The Beginning of History: Value Struggles and Global Capital. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Deleuze, Giles, and Guattari, Félix. 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Massumi, Brian. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Denis, Roland. 2006. Las claves teóricas del proyecto Nuestra América. Caracas: Nuestra América.Google Scholar
Dinerstein, Ana. 2003. ¡Que se Vayan Todos! Popular Insurrection and the Asambleas Barriales in Argentina. Bulletin of Latin American Research 22, 2: 187200.Google Scholar
Escobar, Arturo. 2001. Culture Sits in Places: Reflections on Globalism and Subaltern Strategies of Localization. Political Geography 20, 2 (February): 139–74.Google Scholar
Escobar, Arturo, and Alvarez, Sonia. 1992. The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Featherstone, David. 2005. Towards the Relational Construction of Militant Particularisms, or Why the Geographies of past Struggles Matter for Resistance to Neoliberal Globalization. Antipode 47, 2: 250–71.Google Scholar
Fernandes, Sujatha. 2007. Barrio Women and Popular Politics in Chávez's Venezuela. Latin American Politics and Society 49, 3 (Fall): 97128.Google Scholar
Ferree, , Myra, Valerie Sperling, and Risman, Barbara. 2005. Feminist Research and Activism: Challenges of Hierarchy in a Cross-National Context. In Rhyming Hope and History: Activists, Academics, and Social Movement Scholarship, ed. Croteau, David, Hoynes, William, and Ryan, Charlotte. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Flacks, Richard. 2005. The Question of Relevance in Social Movement Studies. In Rhyming Hope and History: Activists, Academics, and Social Movement Scholarship, ed. Croteau, David, Hoynes, William, and Ryan, Charlotte. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michael. 1979. Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison. Trans. Sheridan, A.. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Freeden, Michael. 1996. Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 2000. The Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Frias, Mercedes. 2006. Ctu and Mta participant, La Independencia, La Vega, Caracas. Author interview. La Vega, August 29.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. Trans. and ed. Hoare, Quintin and Nowell Smith, Geoffrey. London: Lawrence and Wishart.Google Scholar
Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Harvey, David. 1999. The Limits to Capital. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Harvey, David. 2003. The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Held, David. 2000. Regulating Globalization: the Reinvention of Politics. International Sociology 15, 1: 394408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, John. 2002. Changing the World Without Taking Power. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Holloway, John, and Picciotto, Sol. 1978. Introduction: Towards a Materialist Theory of the State. In State and Capital: A Marxist Debate, ed. Holloway, and Picciotto, London: Edward Arnold. 130.Google Scholar
Jessop, Bob. 1990. State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in Its Place. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Katz, Claudio. 2005. Strategies for the Latin American Left: Problems of Autonomism. International Socialist Review 44 (November–December).Google Scholar
Krastev, Ivan. 2006. Democracy's Doubles. Journal of Democracy 17, 2: 5262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurtz, Marcus. 2004. The Dilemmas of Democracy in the Open Economy: Lessons from Latin America. World Politics 56, 2: 262302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebovitz, Michael. 2006. Build It Now: Socialism for the Twenty-first Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, Henry. 1976. The Survival of Capitalism: Reproduction of the Relations of Production. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Machado, Mariela. 2006. Community organizer, La Vega. Author interview. La Vega, August 30.Google Scholar
Machado, Nora. 2006. Organizer, urban land committee, La Vega. Author interview. La Vega, August 27.Google Scholar
Teresa, María. 2006. Coordinator, Mission Ribas, La Vega, Caracas. Author interview. La Vega, August 20.Google Scholar
McNally, David. 2002. Another World Is Possible: Globalization and Anti-Capitalism. Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring.Google Scholar
Moore, Donald S. 2002. The Crucible of Cultural Politics: Reworking Development in Zimbabwe's Eastern Highlands. American Ethnologist 26, 3: 654–89.Google Scholar
Motta, Sara. 2006. Utopias Re-imagined: a Reply to Panizza. Political Studies 54, 4: 898905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsen, Alf. 2003. The Authors and the Actors of Their Own Drama: Notes towards a Marxist Theory of Social Movements. Ph.D. diss., University of Bergen.Google Scholar
Novelli, Mario. 2006. Imagining Research as Solidarity and Grassroots Globalization: a Response to Appadurai (2001). Globalization, Societies and Education 4, 2: 275–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1973. Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Organize 61. 2003. Interview with Neka (Argentine piquetero). Winter. <http://flag.blackened.net/af/org/org61.htm> Accessed May 22, 2008.+Accessed+May+22,+2008.>Google Scholar
Osterweil, Michael. 2004. The Dynamics of Open Space: a Cultural-Political Approach to Reinvent the Political. International Social Science Journal 56, 182: 495506.Google Scholar
Panizza, Francisco. 2000. Beyond Delegative Democracy: Old Politics and New Economics in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies 32, 3: 737–63.Google Scholar
Panizza, Francisco. 2005. Unarmed Utopia Revisited: the Resurgence of Left-of-Center Politics in Latin America. Political Studies 53, 4: 716–34.Google Scholar
Pearce, Jenny. 2004. Collective Action or Public Participation? Complementary or Contradictory Democratization Strategies in Latin America Bulletin of Latin American Research 23, 4: 483504.Google Scholar
Petras, James, and Veltmeyer, Henry. 2005. Social Movements and State Power: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth. 2002. Social Inequalities without Class Cleavages in Latin America's Neoliberal Era. Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 4: 333.Google Scholar
Robinson, William. 2004. A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class, and State in a Transnational World. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rueschemeyer, , Dietrich, , Huber Stephens, Evelyne, and Stephens, John D.. 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa, and Avritzer, Leonardo. 2005. Introduction: Opening Up the Canon of Democracy. In Democratizing Democracy: Beyond the Liberal Democratic Canon, ed. Santos, . London: Verso. xxxiv1.Google Scholar
Schamis, Hector. 1999. Distributional Coalitions and the Politics of Economic Reform in Latin America. World Politics 51, 2: 236–68.Google Scholar
Sitrin, Marina. 2006. Horizontalism: Voices of Popular Power in Argentina. Oakland: AK Press.Google Scholar
Thwaites Rey, Mabel. 2004. La autonomía como búsqueda, el estado como contradicción. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros.Google Scholar
Vaneigem, Raoul. 2004. The Revolution of Everyday Life. Trans. Nicholson-Smith, Donald. London: Rebel Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Raymond. 1971. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar