Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:27:12.988Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Money, Elections, and Democracy in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Abstract

Brazil’s 1993 law requiring candidates to report their campaign contributions has generated a new source of data to explore the supposition that Brazilian elections are extraordinarily expensive. An examination of these data from Brazil’s 1994 and 1998 general elections reveals that most money for Brazilian electoral campaigns comes from business sources and that leftist candidates have extremely limited access to such financing. The effect on democracy is that Brazil’s largely unregulated campaign finance system tends to decrease the scope of interest representation.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrucio, Fernando L. 1998. Os barões da federação: o poder dos governadores no Brasil pós-autoritário [The Barons of the Federation: The Power of the Governors in Post-Authoritarian Brazil]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo/Editora Hucitec.Google Scholar
Aguiar, Roberto. 1994. The Cost of Election Campaigns in Brazil. in Alexander and Shiratori 1994. 7784.Google Scholar
Alexander, Herbert, ed. 1989. Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, Herbert, and Rei, Shiratori, eds. 1994. Comparative Political Finance Among the Democracies. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Ames, Barry. 1995. Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress. Journal of Politics 57, 2:324–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bezerra, Marcos Otávio. 1999. Em nome das “bases”: politica, favor e dependência pessoal [In the Name of One's “Bases”: Politics, Favors, and Personal Dependence]. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará/Núcleo de Antropologia da Política.Google Scholar
Brasil. Congresso Nacional. 1993. Lei 8.713 de 30 de setembro de 1993: estabelece normas para as eleições de outubro de 1994 [Law 8,713 of September 30, 1993: Establishes Norms for the October 1994 Elections]. Brasília: Congresso Nacional.Google Scholar
Brasil. Congresso Nacional. 1995. Lei 9.096 de 19 de setembro de 1995: dispoe sobre partidos políticos, regulamenta os arts. 17 e 14, 3õ, inciso V, da Constituição Federal [Law 9,096 of September 19, 1995: Discussing Political Parties, Regulating Article 17 and 14, Section 3, Paragraph 5 of the Federal Constitution]. Brasília: Congresso Nacional.Google Scholar
Brasil. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). 1995. Resultados das eleições de 1994 [Results of the 1994 Elections]. (Computer files). Brasília: Tse/Secretaria de Informática (Si).Google Scholar
Brasil. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). 1997. Sistema de controle de recursos arrecados [Accrued Funds Control System] (Computer files). Brasília: Tse/Secretaria de Controle Interno (Sci).Google Scholar
Brasil. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). 1999. Resultados das eleições de 1998 [Results of the 1998 Elections]. (Computer files). Brasília: Tse/Si.Google Scholar
Brasil. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). 2000. Financiadores de campanha 1998 [Campaign Financiers 1998] (Computer files). Brasília: TSE/SCI.Google Scholar
Carey, John, and Matthew, S. Shugart. 1995. Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas. Electoral Studies 14, 4: 417–39.Google Scholar
Cox, Gary W., and Michael, F. Thies. 1998. The Cost of Intraparty Competition: Sntv and Money Politics in Japan. Comparative Political Studies 31, 3: 267–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Gary W. 2000. How Much Does Money Matter?“Buying” Votes in Japan, 1967–1990. Comparative Political Studies 33, 1: 37–57.Google Scholar
Economist . 1997. Politicians for Rent. Feburary 8: 23–25.Google Scholar
Estado de Minus (Belo Horizonte). 1997. Campanha será bilionária. July 1: 7.Google Scholar
Estado de São Paulo . 1997. Banco estima que campanha deve movmentar R$4 bilhões. June 25: 8.Google Scholar
Federal Election Commission (FEC). 1997. Congressional Fundraising and Spending up Again in 1996. Press release, http:www.fec.govpresscanye96.htm (accessed August 11, 2000).Google Scholar
Polha de São Paulo . 1995. Telefonia injeta R$1.6 mi na campanha. October 8: E4.Google Scholar
Cox, Gary W. 1998a. Empresas reforçam doações subterrâneas. April 12: 10–14.Google Scholar
Cox, Gary W. 1998b. Precariedade marca campanha de Lula. August 2: 5.Google Scholar
Gazeta Mercantil (São Paulo). 1998. Frente de oposição acirra a campanha de arrecadação. August 6: 9.Google Scholar
O Globo (Rio de Janeiro). 1998. Consórcio Telemar deu R$3 milhões. November 26: 5.Google Scholar
Instituto de Estudos Socio-Econômicos (INESC). 1994. Renovação pode ficar abaixo dos 60% e será menor nas grandes bancadas [Turnover could be below 60% and will be lower in the larger parties]. Informativo INESC 49 (September): 45.Google Scholar
Instituto de Estudos Socio-Econômicos (INESC). 1998. Quadros da disputa para a Câmara e o Senado [a picture of the battle for the Chamber and the Senate]. Revista do Inesc (September-October): 1018.Google Scholar
Jornal do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro). 1998. Tesoureiro se desdobra por verba. July 12: 3.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott. 1999. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
NetDolar. n.d. Website showing online conversion of Brazilian currency to U.S. dollars, http:www.netdolar.com.br (accessed February 5, 2001).Google Scholar
New York Times . 2000. After Crisis, Reform Bills Languish in Brazil. January 9: 4.Google Scholar
Nicolau, Jairo. 1997. Nota sobre os quatro índices mais utilizados nos estudos eleitorais [Note about the four most-used indexes in electoral studies]. In O sistema partidário brasileiro, ed. de Lima, Olavo Brasil Jr. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas. 313–20.Google Scholar
Palda, Filip, and Kristian, Palda. 1998. The Impact of Campaign Expenditures on Political Competition in the French Legislative Elections of 1993. Public Choice 94: 157–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David. Forthcoming. Incumbents and Challengers on a Level Playing Field: Assessing the Impact of Campaign Finance in Brazil. Journal of Politics.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley G. dos. 1994. Regresso: máscaras institucionais do liberalismo oligárquico [Regress: Institutional Masks of Oligarchic Neoliberalism]. Rio de Janeiro: Opera Nostra.Google Scholar
Sorauf, Frank. 1988. Money in American Elections. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.Google Scholar
Sorauf, Frank. 1992. Inside Campaign Finance: Myths and Realities. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Veja (São Paulo). 1996. Odinheiro que chova na campanha. September 11:10–15.Google Scholar
Veja (São Paulo). 1998. Castigo rápido. August 12: 45.Google Scholar