Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:10:16.714Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mexican Movers and Shakers: Protest Mobilization and Political Attitudes in Mexico City

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2018

María Inclán*
Affiliation:
María Inclán is profesora-investigadora in the División de Estudios Políticos, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas.

Abstract

Using an innovative survey of six major street demonstrations in Mexico City between 2011 and 2013, this study compares political attitudes of protest participants and nonparticipants. The analysis offers three relevant findings. The results suggest that in comparison to protest nonparticipants, demonstrators tend to be more politically involved and experienced individuals, mobilized through their personal and organizational networks. The intensity of these factors’ effects as protest participation predictors varied across demonstrations, showing that protest participation is triggered by different factors. And the diversity of mobilizing factors shows that protest participation in Mexico City is complex, and is a common form of political participation for the plural, mobilized civil society.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2019 University of Miami 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armstrong, Elizabeth A., and Bernstein, Mary. 2008. Culture, Power, and Institutions: A Multi-Institutional Politics Approach to Social Movements. Sociological Theory 26, 1: 7499.Google Scholar
Barnes, Samuel H. 2006. The Changing Political Participation of Postcommunist Citizens. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 36, 2: 7698.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. Lance, and Segerberg, Alexandra. 2012. The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. Information, Communication & Society 15, 5: 739768.Google Scholar
Bernhagen, Patrick, and Marsh, Michael. 2007. Voting and Protesting: Explaining Citizen Participation in Old and New European Democracies. Democratization 14, 1: 4472.Google Scholar
Blocq, Daniel, Klandermans, Bert, and van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien. 2012. Political Embeddedness and the Management of Emotions. Mobilization 17, 3: 319334.Google Scholar
Bruciaga, Wenceslao. 2012. Las dos marchas gay: ¿dignidad o negocio? June 2. http://www.sinembargo.mx/02-06-2012/249084. Accessed January 17, 2017.Google Scholar
Cable, Sherry. 1992. Women’s Social Movement Involvement: The Role of Structural Availability in Recruitment and Participation Processes. Sociological Quarterly 33, 1: 3550.Google Scholar
CarlinRyan, E. Ryan, E. 2011. Distrusting Democrats and Political Participation in New Democracies: Lessons from Chile. Political Research Quarterly 64, 3: 668687.Google Scholar
Ciudad de México (CDMX). n.d. 5 momentos LGBTTTI de la CDMX. http://www.cdmx.gob.mx/vive-cdmx/post/5-momentos-lgbttti-cdmx. Accessed August 4, 2018.Google Scholar
Collins, Randall. 2001. Social Movements and the Focus of Emotional Attention. In Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, ed. Goodwin, Jeff, Jasper, James M., and Polletta, Francesca. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2744.Google Scholar
Cook, Maria Lorena. 1996. Organizing Dissent: Unions, the State, and the Democratic Teachers’ Movement in Mexico. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Dalton, Russell J. 2002. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: CQ Press.Google Scholar
De la Dehesa, Rafael. 2010. Queering the Public Sphere in Mexico and Brazil: Sexual Rights Movements in Emerging Democracies. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Della Porta, Donatella, Reiter, Herbert, Andretta, Massimiliano, Milan, Stefania, and Rossi, Federico. 2012. Desperately Seeking Politics: Political Attitudes of Participants in Three Demonstrations for Workers’ Rights in Italy. Mobilization 17, 3: 349361.Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry. 1999. Civil Society. In Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation, ed. Diamond, . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 218360.Google Scholar
Dixon, Mark, and Roscigno, Vincent J.. 2003. Status, Networks, and Social Movement Participation: The Case of Striking Protests. American Journal of Sociology 108, 6: 12921327.Google Scholar
Ebert, Kim, and Okamoto, Dina G.. 2013. Social Citizenship, Integration, and Collective Action: Immigrant Civic Engagement in the U.S. Social Forces 91, 4: 12671292.Google Scholar
Fazio, Russell H., Powell, Martha C., and Herr, Paul M.. 1983. Toward a Process Model of the Attitude-Behavior Relation: Accessing One’s Attitude upon Mere Observation of the Attitude Object. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44: 723735.Google Scholar
Fillieule, Olivier, and Tartakowsky, Danielle. 2013. Demonstrations. Halifax: Fernwood.Google Scholar
Foweraker, Joe. 1990. Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico. In Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico, ed. Foweraker, and Craig, Ann L. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. 320.Google Scholar
Hammer, Michael J., and Kalkan, Kerem Ozan. 2013. Behind the Curve: Clarifying the Best Approach to Calculating Predicted Probabilities and Marginal Effects from Limited Dependent Variable Models. American Journal of Political Science 57, 1: 263277.Google Scholar
Holzner, Claudio. A. 2007. Poverty of Democracy: Neoliberal Reforms and Political Participation of the Poor in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society 49, 2: 87122.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald, and Catterberg, Gabriela. 2002. The Development Trend and the Post-Honeymoon Decline. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 43, 3–5: 300316.Google Scholar
Johnston, Hank. 2009. Cultural Analysis and Contentious Politics. In Culture, Social Movements, and Protest, ed. Johnston, . Aldershot: Ashgate. 329.Google Scholar
Kitts, James. 2000. Mobilizing in Black Boxes: Social Networks and Participation in Social Movement Organizations. Mobilization 5, 2: 241257.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert. 1997. The Social Psychology of Protest. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert. 2012. Between Rituals and Riots: The Dynamics of Street Demonstrations. Mobilization 17, 3: 233234.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert, van der Toorn, Jojanneke, and van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien. 2008. Embeddedness and Identity: How Immigrants Turn Grievances into Action. American Sociological Review 73, 6: 9921012.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert, van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, van Troost, Dunya, van Leeuwen, Anouk, Walgrave, Stefaan, Verhulst, Joris, van Laer, Jeroen, and Wouters, Ruud. 2010. Manual for Data Collection on Protest Demonstrations: Caught in the Act of Protest. Contextualizing Contestation (CCC). Version 3.0.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert, van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, Damen, Marie-Louise, van Troost, Dunya, and van Leeuwen, Anouk. 2014. Mobilization Without Organization: The Case of Unaffiliated Demonstrators. European Sociological Review 30, 6: 702716.Google Scholar
Klesner, Joseph L. 2009. Who Participates? Determinants of Political Action in Mexico. Latin American Politics and Society 51, 2: 5990.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Koopmans, Ruud, Duyvendak, Jan Willem, and Giugni, Marco. 1995. The Politics of New Social Movements in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Krinsky, John, and Crossley, Nick. 2014. Social Movements and Social Networks: Introduction. Social Movement Studies 13, 1: 121.Google Scholar
Lim, Chaeyoon. 2008. Social Networks and Political Participation: How Do Networks Matter? Social Forces 87, 2: 961982.Google Scholar
Machado, Fabiana, Scartascini, Carlos, and Tommasi, Mariano. 2011. Political Institutions and Street Protests in Latin America. Journal of Conflict Resolution 55, 3: 340365.Google Scholar
Marcha del Orgullo LGBTTTI de la Ciudad de México. 2012. Basta de mentiras!! Facebook post. May 27. https://www.facebook.com/Marcha-del-Orgullo-LGBTTTI-de-la-Ciudad-de-M percentC3percentA9xico-229004817136012. Accessed January 17, 2017.Google Scholar
Marien, Sofie, Hooghe, Marc, and Quintelier, Ellen. 2010. Inequalities in Non-institutionalised Forms of Political Participation: A Multi-level Analysis of 25 Countries. Political Studies 58: 187213.Google Scholar
Marwell, Gerald, and Oliver, Pamela. 1993. The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Micro-Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, and Paulsen, Ronnelle. 1993. Specifying the Relationship Between Social Ties and Activism. American Journal of Sociology 99, 3: 640667.Google Scholar
McPhail, Clark. 1991. The Myth of the Madding Crowd. New York: Aldine.Google Scholar
Meyer, David S. 2014. The Politics of Protest: Social Movements in America. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, David S., and Tarrow, Sidney, eds. 1998. The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics in the New Century. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Moreno, Alejandro. 2003. El votante mexicano: democracia, actitudes políticas y conducta electoral. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 2011. Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa, Walgrave, Stefaan, and van Aelst, Peter. 2005. Who Demonstrates? Antistate Rebels, Conventional Participants or Everyone? Comparative Politics 37, 2: 189205.Google Scholar
Notimex. 2011. Piden manifestantes cese a la violencia y oportunidades para “ninis.” Crónica.com.mx, October 2. http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2012/609066.html Google Scholar
Opp, Karl-Dieter, Voss, Peter, and Gern, Christiane. 1995. Origins of a Spontaneous Revolution: East Germany 1989. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Quaranta, Mario. 2014. The “Normalisation” of the Protester: Changes in Political Action in Italy (1981–2009). South European Society and Politics 19, 1: 2550.Google Scholar
Saunders, Clare, Grasso, Maria, Olcese, Cristiana, Rainsford, Emily, and Rootes, Christopher. 2012. Explaining Differential Protest Participation: Novices, Returners, Repeaters, and Stalwarts. Mobilization 17, 3: 263280.Google Scholar
Scacco, Alexandra. 2010. Who Riots? Explaining Individual Participation in Ethnic Violence. Ph.D. diss., Department of Political Science, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Schussman, Alan, and Soule, Sarah A.. 2005. Process and Protest: Accounting for Individual Protest Participation. Social Forces 84, 2: 10831108.Google Scholar
Smith, Eliot. R., and Branscombe, Nyla R.. 1987. Procedurally Mediated Social Inferences: The Case of Category Accessibility Effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 23: 361382.Google Scholar
Smulovitz, Catalina, and Peruzzotti, Enrique. 2000. Societal Accountability in Latin America. Journal of Democracy 11, 4: 147158.Google Scholar
Snow, David A., Zurcher, Louis A., and Ekland-Olson, Sheldon. 1980. Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment. American Sociological Review 45: 787801.Google Scholar
Soule, Sarah, and Earl, Jennifer. 2005. A Movement Society Evaluated: Collective Protest in the United States, 1960–1986. Mobilization 10, 3: 345364.Google Scholar
Stata. n.d. Sureg—Zellner’s seemingly unrelated regression. Manual. https://www.stata.com/manuals13/rsureg.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2018.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 2011. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Trevizo, Dolores. 2011. Rural Protest and the Making of Democracy in Mexico, 1968–2000. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Van Aeslt, Peter, and Walgrave, Stefaan. 2001. Who Is That (Wo)man in the Street? From the Normalisation of Protest to the Normalisation of the Protester. European Journal of Political Research 39: 461486.Google Scholar
Van der Meer, Tom W. G., van Deth, Jan W., and Scheepers, Peter L. H.. 2009. The Politicized Participant: Ideology and Political Action in 20 Democracies. Comparative Political Studies 42, 11: 14261457.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, and Klandermans, Bert. 2007. Individuals in Movements: A Social Psychology of Contention. In Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines, ed. Klandermans, and Roggenband, Conny. New York: Springer. 157204.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, and Klandermans, Bert. 2014. Fitting Demand and Supply: How Identification Brings Appeals and Motives Together. Social Movement Studies 13, 2: 179203.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, Klandermans, Bert, and van Dijk, Wilco W.. 2009. Context Matters: Explaining Why and How Mobilizing Context Influences Motivational Dynamics. Journal of Social Issues 65: 815838.Google Scholar
Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, Walgrave, Stefaan, Klandermans, Bert, and Verhulst, Joris. 2012. Contextualizing Contestation: Framework, Design, and Data. Mobilization 17, 3: 249262.Google Scholar
Van Zomeren, Martijn, Spears, Russell, Fischer, Agneta H., and Leach, Colin Wayne. 2004. Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is! Explaining Collective Action Tendencies Through Group-Based Anger and Group Efficacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87: 649664.Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay Lehman, and Brady, Henry E.. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Verhulst, Joris. 2011. Mobilizing Issues and the Unity and Diversity of Protest Events. Ph.D. diss, University of Antwerp.Google Scholar
Verhulst, Joris, and Walgrave, Stefaan 2009. The First Time Is the Hardest? A Cross-National and Cross-Issue Comparison of First-Time Protest Participants. Political Behavior 31, 3: 455485.Google Scholar
Walgrave, Stefaan, and Klandermans, Bert. 2010. Open and Closed Mobilization Patterns: The Role of Channels and Ties. In Walgrave and Rucht 2010. 169193.Google Scholar
Walgrave, Stefaan, and Rucht, Dieter, eds. 2010. The World Says No to War: Demonstrations Against the War on Iraq. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press:Google Scholar
Walgrave, Stefaan, and Wouters, Ruud. 2014. The Missing Link in the Diffusion of Protest: Asking Others. American Journal of Sociology 119, 6: 16701709.Google Scholar
Williams, Heather. 2001. Social Movements and Economic Transition: Markets and Distributive Conflict in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Inclán supplementary material

Appendix

Download Inclán supplementary material(File)
File 33.2 KB