Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:10:18.862Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Explosive Combination of Inefficient Local Bureaucracies and Mining Production: Evidence from Localized Societal Protests in Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Aldo F. Ponce  and
Cynthia McClintock
Aldo F. Ponce
Affiliation:
División de Estudios Políticos, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas. [email protected]
Cynthia McClintock
Affiliation:
George Washington University. [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Although numerous scholars have analyzed the effects of natural resource extraction at the national level, few have explored it systematically at the local level. Focusing on Peru, where both mining production and local social protests have greatly increased in recent years and where a new tax has required mining companies to transfer revenue to subnational governments, this study explores the resource curse at the local level. In particular, why do protests arise mostly in the areas of natural resource extraction? Employing subnational data for Peru for the period 2004–9 and LAPOP survey data from 2010, the research confirms previous findings that social conflict is provoked by both the negative externalities of mining and the revenues from the new tax. The article further demonstrates that local bureaucratic capacity is a significant independent variable. Greater subnational bureaucratic capacity can ameliorate the pernicious societal effects of a local resource curse.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , Fall 2014 , pp. 118 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agnew, John. 1987. Place and Politics. Boston: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Alayza, Alejandra. 2007. No pero sí: comunidades y minería. Consulta y consentimiento previo, libre e informado en el Perú. Lima: Oxfam America.Google Scholar
Alfaro, Javier, and Rühling, Markus. 2007. La incidencia de los gobiernos locales en el impuesto en el Perú. Lima: Instituto de Investigación y Capacitación Municipal (INICAM). http://www.inicam.org.pe/2006/descargar/lincoln.pdf Google Scholar
Arce, Moisés. 2008. The Repolitization of Collective Action after Neoliberalism in Peru. Latin American Politics and Society 50, 3 (Fall): 37–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arellano-Yanguas, Javier. 2008. A Thoroughly Modern Resource Curse? The New Natural Resource Policy Agenda and the Mining Revival in Peru. Working Paper 300. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.Google Scholar
Arellano-Yanguas, Javier. 2011a. Aggravating the Resource Curse: Decentralisation, Mining and Conflict in Peru. Journal of Development Studies 47, 4: 617–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arellano-Yanguas, Javier. 2011b ¿Minería sin fronteras? Conflicto y desarrollo en regiones mineras del Perú. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Arellano-Yanguas, Javier. 2013. Minería y conflicto en Perú: sembrar minerales: cosechar una avalancha de piedras. In Industrias extractivas: conflicto social y dinámicas institucionales en la región andina, ed. Bebbington, Anthony. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. 151–84.Google Scholar
Aubrey, Rebecca, Kingstone, Peter, and Young, Joseph. 2012. Privatization and Its Discontents: Resistance to the Hegemony of Neoliberalism in Latin America. Mss. [Published as Resistance to Privatization: Why Protest Movements Succeed and Fail in Latin America, by Kingstone, Peter, Young, Joseph K., and Aubrey, Rebecca. Latin American Politics and Society 55, 3 (Fall 2013): 96–113.]Google Scholar
Auty, Richard M. 1993. Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Auyero, Javier. 2000. The Logic of Clientelism in Argentina: an Ethnographic Account. Latin American Research Review 35, 3: 55–81.Google Scholar
Avila, Gustavo, Viale, Claudia, and Monge, Carlos. 2011. Extractive Industries and Their Imprint. In Crabtree 2011. 159–86.Google Scholar
Baca, Epifanio, Cruzado, Edgardo, Ccoyllo, Juan, and Vidal, Cinthia. 2007. Vigilancia del proceso de descentralización. Reporte Nacional 11. Lima: Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana.Google Scholar
Ballón, Eduardo. 2011. Decentralisation. In Crabtree 2011. 187–216.Google Scholar
Barrantes, Roxana. 2005. Minería, desarrollo y pobreza en el Perú, o de cómo todo depende del cristal con que se mire. In Te quiero pero no: minería, desarrollo y poblaciones locales, ed. Barrantes, Patricia Zárate, and Durand, Anahí. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. 17–79.Google Scholar
Bebbington, Anthony, ed. 2007. Minería, movimientos sociales y respuestas campesinas. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Bebbington, Anthony, and Williams, Mark. 2008. Water and Mining Conflicts in Peru. Mountain Research and Development 28, 3–4: 190–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bebbington, Anthony, Connarty, Michael, Coxshall, Wendy, O'Shaughnessy, Hugh, and Williams, Mark. 2007. Mining and Development in Peru. London: Peru Support Group.Google Scholar
Bebbington, Anthony, Bebbington, Denise, Bury, Jeffrey, Lingan, Jeannet, Pablo Muñoz, Juan, and Scurrah, Martín. 2008. Mining and Social Movements: Struggles over Livelihood and Rural Territorial Development in the Andes. World Development 36, 12: 2888–2905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brysk, Alison, and Wise, Carol. 1997. Liberalization and Ethnic Conflict in Latin America. Studies in Comparative International Development 32, 2: 76–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bury, Jeffrey. 2002a. Livelihoods, Mining and Peasant Protests in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Latin American Geography 1, 1: 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bury, Jeffrey. 2002b. The Political Ecology of Transnational Gold Mining Corporations and the Transformation of Livelihoods in Cajamarca, Peru. Ph.D. diss., University of Colorado.Google Scholar
Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo, Martínez-Vásquez, Jorge, and Sepúlveda, Cristián. 2012. Subnational Revenue Mobilization in Peru. IDB Working Paper no. 299. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.Google Scholar
Castro, Sofía. 2011. Pobreza y conflictos socioambientales. El caso de la minería en el Perú. Lima: Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul, and Hoeffler, Anke. 2004. Greed and Grievance in Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers 56, 4: 563–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crabtree, John, ed. 2011. Fractured Politics: Peruvian Democracy Past and Present. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas.Google Scholar
Crabtree, John, ed. 2014. Funding Local Government: Use (and Abuse) of Peru's Canon System. Bulletin of Latin American Research. DOI: 10.1111/blar.12174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daffós, J. Aste. 1997. Transnacionalización de la Minería Peruana. Lima: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.Google Scholar
De Althaus, Jaime. 2011. La promesa de la democracia. Marchas y contramarchas del sistema político en el Perú. Lima: Editorial Planeta del Perú.Google Scholar
De Echave, José. 2009. Minería y conflictos sociales en el perú. In de Echave et al. 2009. 105–29.Google Scholar
De Echave, José, Hoetmer, Raphael, and Palacios, Mario, eds. 2009. Minería y territorio en el Perú. Conflictos, resistencias y propuestas en tiempos de globalización. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.Google Scholar
De Echave, José, Diez, Alejandro, Huber, Ludwig, Revesz, Bruno, Ricard, Xavier, and Tanaka, Martín. 2009. Minería y conflicto social. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Defensoría del Pueblo. 2004–10. Monthly reports on protest movements. http://www.defensoria.gob.pe Google Scholar
Del Alamo, Oscar. 2010. Crecimiento con desigualdad en el perú: un escenario de conflictos. Revista Argumentos año 4, no 1. http://web.revistargumentos.org.pe/index.php?fp_cont=966 ISSN 2076-7722Google Scholar
Diez Canseco, Carlos. 2011. Executive President, Andina Consultoria Estratégica. Author interview. Lima, March 15.Google Scholar
Dunning, Thad. 2008. Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Durand, Francisco. 2005. La mano invisible del estado: efectos del neoliberalismo en el empresariado y la política. Lima: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.Google Scholar
The Economist. 2011. Peru's New President: Promises and Premonitions. July 23. http://www.economist.com/node/18988768. Accessed May 15, 2012.Google Scholar
Garay, Candelaria. 2007. Social Policy and Collective Action: Unemployed Workers, Community Associations, and Protest in Argentina. Politics and Society 35, 2: 301–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grompone, Romeo, and Tanaka, Martín, eds. 2009. Entre el crecimiento económico y la insatisfacción social. Las protestas sociales en el Perú actual. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana. 2007. Vigilancia de las industrias extractivas 2004–2006. Reporte Nacional no. 5. Lima: Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana, Area de Vigilancia Ciudadana.Google Scholar
Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana. 2010. Ranking de desempeño. La ejecución de inversiones públicas. El año 2010. Lima: Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana, Area de Vigilancia Ciudadana.Google Scholar
Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana. Various years. Vigilancia del proceso de descentralización. Reportes nacionales. Lima: Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana, Area de Vigilancia Ciudadana.Google Scholar
Haber, Stephen, and Menaldo, Víctor. 2011. Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? a Reappraisal of the Resource Curse. American Political Science Review 105, 1: 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagopian, Frances. 2000. Political Development, Revisited. Comparative Political Studies 33, 6: 880–911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hecock, Douglas. 2006. Electoral Competition, Globalization, and Subnational Education Spending in Mexico, 1999–2004. American Journal of Political Science 50, 4: 950–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, Pedro. 2009. Perú: propuesta de redistribución de los recursos del canon y regalías mineras a nivel municipal. Economía 33, 64: 45–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochstetler, Kathryn. 2006. Rethinking Presidentialism: Challenges and Presidential Falls in South America. Comparative Politics 38, 4: 401–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holden, William, and Jacobson, Daniel. 2006. Mining amid Decentralization: Local Governments and Mining in the Philippines. Natural Resources Forum 30: 188–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohl, Benjamin. 2002. Stabilizing Neoliberalism in Bolivia: Popular Participation and Privatization. Political Geography 21, 4: 449–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhry, Bob, and Pommer, Evert. 2004. Performance of the Public Sector. In Public Performance: An International Comparison of Education, Health Care, Law and Order and Public Administration. The Hague: Social and Cultural Planning Office. 271–92.Google Scholar
Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). 2010. AmericasBarometer. www.LapopSurveys.org.Google Scholar
Lazar, Sian. 2006. El Alto, Ciudad Rebelde: Organisational Bases for Revolt. Bulletin of Latin American Research 25, 2: 183–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leyton, Carlos. 2005. La planificación estratégica como instrumento de gestión pública: un balance de cinco casos regionales. Cuadernos Descentralistas 14. Lima: GPC-Oxfam. 11–46.Google Scholar
Lingan, Jeannet. 2008. El caso de Cajamarca. In Scurrah 2008. 31–68.Google Scholar
Loayza, Norman, Mier y Teran, Alfredo, and Rigolini, Jamele. 2013. Poverty, Inequality, and the Natural Resource Curse. Policy Research Working Paper 6366. Washington, DC: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loayza, Norman, Rigolini, Jamele, and Calvo-González, Oscar. 2014. More than You Can Handle: Decentralization and Spending Ability of Peruvian Municipalities. Economics and Politics 26, 1: 56–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Martin, Deborah, and Miller, Byron. 2003. Space and Contentious Politics. Mobilization: An International Journal 8, 2: 143–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, Doug, Tarrow, Sidney, and Tilly, Charles. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNulty, Stephanie. 2011. Voice and Vote: Decentralization and Participation in Post-Fujimori Peru. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas. n.d. Sistema Integrado de Administración Financiera del Estado (Siaf). Database. www.mef.gob.pe Google Scholar
Muradian, Roldan, Martínez-Alier, Joan, and Correa, Humberto. 2003. International Capital versus Local Population: the Environmental Conflict of the Tambogrande Mining Project, Peru. Society and Natural Resources 16: 775–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murillo, María Victoria, and Ronconi, Lucas. 2004. Teachers' Strikes in Argentina: Partisan Alignments and Public Sector Labor Relations. Studies in Comparative International Development 39, 1: 77–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neyra, Gonzalo. 2009. Discrecionalidad presupuestaria en los gobiernos regionales. ¿Avances en la descentralización de las finanzas públicas? Economía y Sociedad 72: 22–32.Google Scholar
El Observador Global. 2012. América Latina se opone a los proyectos mineros. February 11. http://observadorglobal.com/america-latina-se-opone-a-los-proyectos-mineros-n40270.html. Accessed February 15, 2012.Google Scholar
Paredes, Maritza. 2008. El caso de Tambogrande. In Scurrah 2008. 269–300.Google Scholar
Perla, Cecilia. 2010. ¿Empresas mineras como promotoras del desarrollo? La dimensión política de las inversiones sociales mineras en el Perú. In La iniciación de la política. El Perú político en perspectiva comparada, ed. Meléndez, Carlos and Vergara, Alberto. Lima: Fondo Editorial PUCP. 245–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, Vladimir. 2009. Reestructuración neoliberal del estado peruano, industrias extractivas y derechos sobre el territorio. In de Echave et al. 2009. 85–103.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1997. Democratization Revisited. Items 51: 10–11.Google Scholar
Revesz, Bruno, and Diez, Alejandro. 2006. El triángulo sin cúpula (o los actores desregulados en los conflictos mineros). In Perú hoy, nuevos rostros en la escena nacional, ed. Toche, Eduardo. Lima: Desco. 49–88.Google Scholar
Ribot, Jesse. 2004. Waiting for Democracy: The Politics of Choice in Natural Resource Decentralization. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth. 1996. Economic Crisis and the Demise of the Legal Left in Peru. Comparative Politics 29, 1: 69–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, Michael. 2001. Does Oil Hinder Democracy? World Politics 53: 325–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanborn, Cynthia, and Torres, Víctor. 2009. La economía china y las industrias extractivas: desafíos para el Perú. Lima: Centro de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico.Google Scholar
Scurrah, Martín. 2008. Defendiendo derechos y promoviendo cambios: el estado, las empresas extractivas y las comunidades locales en el Perú. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Scurrah, Martín. 2013. Mining Conflicts and Institutional Innovation in the Moquegua and Tacna Regions of Southern Peru. Paper prepared for the 2013 Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, DC, May 29–June 1.Google Scholar
Simmons, Cynthia. 2005. Territorializing Land Conflict: Space, Place, and Contentious Politics in the Brazilian Amazon. GeoJournal 64: 307–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smulovitz, Catalina, and Peruzzotti, Enrique. 2000. Societal Accountability in Latin America. Journal of Democracy 11, 4: 147–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svampa, Maristella. 2009. La disputa por el desarrollo: conflictos socio ambientales, territorios y lenguajes de valoración. In de Echave et al. 2009. 33–61.Google Scholar
Szablowski, David. 2002. Mining, Displacement, and the World Bank: a Case Analysis of Companía Minera Antamina's Operations in Peru. Journal of Business Ethics 39, 3: 247–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szablowski, David. 2007. Transnational Law and Local Struggles: Mining, Communities, and the World Bank. Portland: Hart.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Martín. 2002. La dinámica de los actores regionales y el proceso de descentralización: ¿el despertar del letargo? Working Paper 125. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Geological Survey. 2012. Mineral Commodity Summary. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs. Accessed February 10, 2012.Google Scholar
Viale, Claudia, and Monge, Carlos. 2012. La enfermedad chola. Quehacer 185 (January–March): 80–85.Google Scholar
Warner, Michael, and Alexander, Kyle. 2006. Subnational Implementation of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Issue Paper. London: Overseas Development Institute.Google Scholar
Wilson, James. 1973. Political Organizations. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2004. From Shouting to Counting: A New Frontier in Social Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Yashar, Deborah. 1998. Contesting Citizenship: Indigenous Movements and Democracy in Latin America. Comparative Politics 31, 1: 23–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yashar, Deborah. 1999. Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America. World Politics 52, 1: 76–104.Google Scholar
Zavalla, Cynthia. 2004. Canon minero y distribución de ingresos en el perú. Perú Hoy, 5. http://www.desco.org.pe/publicaciones/PERUHOY Google Scholar
Zegarra, Eduardo, Orihuela, José, and Paredes, Maritza. 2007. Minería y economía de los hogares de la Sierra Peruana: impactos y espacios de conflicto. Lima: GRADE.Google Scholar