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Trade and Early State Formation in the Northern Titicaca Basin, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Abigail Levine ,
Charles Stanish ,
P. Ryan Williams ,
Cecilia Chávez  and
Mark Golitko
Abigail Levine
Affiliation:
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ([email protected]
Charles Stanish
Affiliation:
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095and Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 ([email protected]
P. Ryan Williams
Affiliation:
Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL, 60605 ([email protected])
Cecilia Chávez
Affiliation:
Programa Collasuyo, Puno, Peru ([email protected])
Mark Golitko
Affiliation:
Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL, 60605 (mgolitko@fieldmuseum
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Abstract

Recent theoretical work has underscored the importance of multiple strategies in the dynamic political and economic landscapes in which archaic states developed. This research emphasizes how the interaction among various non-state polities drives the growth of political centers within a region. It is in this context that numerous intermediate peer-polities emerged, and, on rare occasions in a few places around the world, it is the context of state development. War and trade have emerged as particularly important forms of strategic interaction in the theoretical literature, representing strategies of both cooperation and competition between and within complex, non-state polities. In this paper we present a detailed case study that tests and illustrates one of these theoretical propositions. We examine the role of trade in this process of social evolution as evidenced in the northern Titicaca Basin ca. 500 B.C.—A.D. 300. Based on intensive analyses of a large excavated data set, we suggest that the emergence of one regional center, called Taraco, is strongly linked to strategic participation in local and long-distance exchange networks.

El reciente trabajo teórico ha puesto de relieve la importancia de las estrategias múltiples en los panoramas políticos y económicos en los cuales los estados arcaicos se desarrollaron. Esta investigación enfatiza cómo la interacción entre diferentes organizaciones políticas no estatales conduce al crecimiento de centros políticos en una región. Este es el contexto en el cual numerosas entidades políticas intermedias surgieron, y en raras ocasiones en unos pocos lugares en todo el mundo, es el contexto para el desarrollo del Estado. El conflicto y el intercambio económico se han convertido en formas particularmente importantes de la interacción estratégica en la literatura teórica, representando estrategias de cooperación y competencia entre y dentro de entidades políticas complejas no estatales. En este artículo presentamos un detallado estudio de caso que contrasta e ilustra estas propuestas teóricas. Examinamos el rol del intercambio económico en este proceso de evolución social como es evidenciado en la cuenca norte del Titicaca ca. 500 a.C.—300 d.C. Basándonos en un análisis intensivo de un gran conjunto de datos excavados, sugerimos que la emergencia de un centro regional, denominado Taraco, está fuertemente vinculada a la participación estratégica en las redes de intercambio local y a larga distancia.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 289 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2013

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