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Tiwanaku's Legacy: A Chronological Reassessment of the Terminal Middle Horizon in the Moquegua Valley, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 June 2019

Nicola Sharratt Open the ORCID record for Nicola Sharratt [Opens in a new window]
Nicola Sharratt*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Georgia State University, PO BOX 3998, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA ([email protected])
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Abstract

As in other examples of state collapse, political disintegration of the Tiwanaku state circa AD 1000 was accompanied by considerable cultural continuity. In the Moquegua Valley, Peru, the location of the largest Tiwanaku communities outside the altiplano, settlements and practices associated with this postcollapse cultural continuity are termed Tumilaca. Previous research indicated that Tumilaca was short-lived, with all vestiges of Tiwanaku gone from Moquegua's archaeological record by the thirteenth century when the valley was subsequently characterized by Estuquiña-style materials. This article discusses radiocarbon dates from Tumilaca la Chimba, a village established as the political authority of the Tiwanaku state waned. The 21 absolute dates from Tumilaca domestic, public, and funerary contexts span at least 350 years, from the late tenth to the mid-fourteenth centuries AD. They suggest that (1) Tiwanaku-affiliated communities endured well into the later Late Intermediate Period (AD 1200–1470); (2) ongoing debates about the emergence of Estuquiña communities must consider the role of terminal Tiwanaku populations; and (3) analyses of postcollapse continuity can be enhanced by considering peripheral locales and the particularities of continuity.

Como en otros ejemplos de colapso estatal, la desintegración política del estado Tiwanaku circa dC 1000 estuvo acompañada por una considerable continuidad cultural. En el Valle de Moquegua, Perú, donde se encuentran las comunidades más grandes fuera del altiplano, los asentamientos y las prácticas asociadas con una continuidad cultural post-colapso son cono-cidos como Tumilaca. Investigaciones previas indicaron que Tumilaca tuvo una corta duración, ya que todos los vestigios Tiwanaku, desaparecen del registro arqueológico de Moquegua antes del siglo trece. En este artículo se discuten los fechados radiocarbónicos del sito de Tumilaca la Chimba, una aldea establecida al tiempo que la autoridad política Tiwanaku mermaba. Los 21 fechados absolutos provenientes de contextos Tumilaca domésticos, públicos y funerarios, comprenden una historia de al menos 350 años, desde fines del siglo diez hasta mediados del siglo catorce. Estos fechados sugieren que: (1) las comunidades afiliadas a Tiwanaku estuvieron presentes hasta entrada la segunda mitad del período Intermedio tardío (dC 1200-1470); (2) los debates acerca del surgimiento de las comunidades nombradas Estuquiña deben considerar el rol de las poblaciones Tiwanaku terminal; (3) los estudios sobre la continuidad post-colapso se pueden enriquecer al considerar las localidades periféricas y las particularidades de la continuidad.

Keywords

TiwanakuAndesstate collapseradiocarbonTiwanakuAndescolapso estatalfechados radiocarbónicos
Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , September 2019 , pp. 529 - 549
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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