Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T09:32:26.282Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Of Lost Civilizations and Primitive Tribes, Amazonia: Reply to Meggers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael J. Heckenberger
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
James B. Petersen
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Williams Hall, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
Eduardo Góes Neves
Affiliation:
Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Almeida Prado, No. 1466, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil

Abstract

Meggers's critique of views presented by DeBoer et al. (1996), Wüst and Barreto (1999), and Heckenberger et al. (1999) in Latin American Antiquity misrepresents these authors and others. Her criticisms, largely directed at the present authors, obfuscate fundamental points raised regarding the nature and variability of cultural formations and economic patterns in Amazonia. By conflating indigenous resource management systems, which we discuss, with mechanized development strategies of the modern world, she creates an unnecessarily polemical atmosphere for debate.

Resumen

Resumen

La crítica de Meggers sobre los puntos de vista presentados por DeBoer et al. (1996), Wüst and Barreto (1999) y Heckenberger et al. (1999) en Latin American Antiquity, dirigida principalmente a éstos autores, confunde asuntos fundamentales hechos en lo que se trata de la naturaleza y variabilidad de las formaciones culturales y los modelos económicos de la Amazonía. Al entremezclar nuestro tratamiento de los sistemas indígenas del manejo de los recursos con las estrategias de desarrollo mecanizadas del mundo moderno ella da lugar a una atmósfera polémica, innecesaria, para el debate.

Type
Comments
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Anderson, Anthony. B. (editor) 1990 Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps Toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Forest. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Balée, William 1989 The Culture of Amazonian Forests. In Resource Management in Amazonia: Folk and Indigenous Strategies, edited by Darrell A. Posey and William Balée, pp. 121. Advances in Economic Botany No. 7. New York Botanical Garden, New York.Google Scholar
Carneiro, Robert. L. 1970 A Theory of the Origin of the State. Science 169:733738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carneiro, Robert. L. 1983 The Cultivation of Manioc among the Kuikuru of the Upper Xingu. In Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, edited by Raymond B. Haines and William T. Vickers, pp. 65111. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
DeBoer, Warren. R., Kintigh, Keith, and Rostoker, Arthur 1996 Ceramic Sedation and Settlement Reoccupation in Lowland South America. Latin American Antiquity 7:263278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denevan, William M. 1992 The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82:369385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galvão, Eduardo 1953 Cultura e sistema de parentesco das tribos do alto rio Xingu. Boletim do Museu National, Antropologia, n.s., 14:156.Google Scholar
Heckenberger, Michael J. 1996 War and Peace in the Shadow of Empire: Sociopolitical Change in the Upper Xingu of Southeastern Amazonia, A.D. 1400–2000. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Heckenberger, Michael J. 1998 Manioc Agriculture and Sedentism in Amazonia: The Upper Xingu Example. Antiquity 72:633648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckenberger, Michael J. 1999 O enigma das grandes cidades: corpo privado e estado em Amazônia. In A outra margem do ocidente (Brasil 500 anos: experiência e destino, vol. 2), edited by Adauto Novães, pp. 125152. Companhia das Letras, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Heckenberger, Michael J. 2000 Estrutura, história, e transformação: a cultura xinguano na longue durée (1000 a 2000 d.C). In Os povos do alto Xingu: história e cultura, edited by Bruna Franchetto and Michael J. Heckenberger, pp. 2162. Editora da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Heckenberger, Michael J., Petersen, James B., and Neves, Eduardo Góes 1999 Village Size and Permanence in Amazonia: Two Archaeological Examples from Brazil. Latin American Antiquity 10:353376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lathrap, Donald W. 1970 The Upper Amazon. Praeger, New York.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1973 From Honey to Ashes: Introduction to a Science of Mythology, vol. 3 (translated by J. Weightman and D. Weightman). Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Mann, Charles 2000 The Good Earth: Did People Improve the Amazon Basin? Science 287:788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meggers, Betty J. 1991 Cultural Evolution in Amazonia. In Profiles in Cultural Evolution, edited by A. Terry Rambo and Kathleen Gillogly, pp. 191216. Anthropological Papers 85. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Meggers, Betty J. 1992 Prehistoric Population Density in the Amazon Basin. In Disease and Demography in the Americas, edited by John W. Verano and Douglas H. Ubelaker, pp. 197205. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Meggers, Betty J. 1996 Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise, 2 nd Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Miller, Eurico T. 1992 Archaeology in the Hydroelectric Projects of Electronorte: Preliminary Results. Electronorte, Brasília.Google Scholar
Neves, Eduardo Góes 1998 Paths through Dark Waters: Archaeology as Indigenous History in the Upper Rio Negro, Northwest Amazon. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Neves, Eduardo Góes 1999 Changing Perspectives in Amazonian Archaeology. In Archaeology in Latin America, edited by Gustavo G. Politis and Benjamin Alberti, pp. 216243. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Oberg, Kalervo 1953 Indian Tribes of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Institute of Social Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Publication 15, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Petersen, James B., Neves, Eduardo Góes, and Heckenberger, Michael J. 2001 Gift from the Past: Terra Preta and Prehistoric Amerindian Occupation in Amazonia. In The Unknown Amazon, edited by Colin McEwan, Cristiana Barreto, and Eduardo G. Neves. British Museum Press, London, in press.Google Scholar
Roosevelt, Anna C. 1999 The Development of Prehistoric Complex Societies: Amazonia, A Tropical Forest. In Complex Societies in the Ancient Tropical World, edited by Elisabeth A. Bacus and Lisa J. Lucero, pp. 1334. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, No. 9. Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Pedro A., Bandy, Dale E., Villachica, Jorge H., and Nicholaides, John J. 1982 Amazon Basin Soils: Management for Continuous Crop Production. Science 216:598603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simões, Mário F. 1970 Pesquisas arqueológicas no baixo Rio Negro (Projeto Rio Negro). Manuscript on file, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém.Google Scholar
Simões, Mário F. 1974 Contribuição à arqueologia dos arredores do baixo Rio Negro, Amazonas. Publicações Avulsas 26:165188. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém.Google Scholar
Simões, Mário F. 1983 Pesquisas arqueológicas no alto Rio Negro (AM): relatório sucinto. Manuscript on file, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém.Google Scholar
Simões, Mário F., and Kalkman, Ana Lúcia M. 1987 Pesquisas arqueológicas no médio Rio Negro. Revista de Arqueologia 4:83115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Nigel J. H., Serrão, Emanuel A. S., Alvim, Paulo de T., and FaJesi, Italo C. 1995 Amazonia: Resiliency and Dynamism of the Land and Its People. United Nations University Press, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Steward, Julian H. (editor) 1948 The Tropical Forest Tribes. Handbook of South American Indians, vol. 3. Bulletin No. 143, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo 1996 Images of Nature and Society in Amazonian Ethnology. Annual Review of Anthropology 25:179200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, Neil L. 1996 Amazonian Archaeology: Searching for Paradise? A Review of Recent Literature and Fieldwork. Journal of Archaeological Research 4:241264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, William I., and McCann, Joseph M. 1999 The Anthropogenic Origin and Persistence of Amazonian Dark Earths. Yearbook, Conference of Latin American Geographers 25:714.Google Scholar
Wüst, Irmhild 1990 Continuidade e mudança: para uma interpretação dos grupos ceramistas da bacia do Rio Vermelho. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Wüst, Irmhild, and Barreto, Cristiana 1999 The Ring Villages of Central Brazil: A Challenge for Amazonian Archaeology. Latin American Archaeology 10:323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar