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Movilidad, acceso y uso de agata traslúcida por los cazadores-recolectores tempranos durante la transición pleistoceno-holoceno en el norte de Uruguay (Ca. 11,000-8500 A.P.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rafael Suárez
Rafael Suárez*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Arqueología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educatión, Universidad de la República. Museo de Arqueología y Ciencias Naturales (Salto), Coronel Raíz 1107, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay. ([email protected])
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Resumen

El artículo presenta la localización de 10 canteras de ágata traslúcida descubiertas en la Región Arqueológica Catalanes Nacientes Arapey (RACNA), definiendo una zona de abastecimiento de ágatas en el norte de Uruguay. Esta materia prima es el segundo recurso lítico más utilizado en los contextos estratigráficos tempranos datados por ¹⁴C en el noroeste de Uruguay, luego de la arenisca silicificada. Se analiza la frecuencia-distribución de ágata traslúcida en dos sitios residenciales de cazadores-recolectores tempranos, Pay Paso 1 (11,000-8500 a.P.), sitio K87 (10,420 a.P.), y en un sitio canterataller Catalán Seco 1 (CS-1). Se presenta una sólida base cronológica para el sitio Pay Paso 1 que incluye 32 fechas ¹⁴C lo que permitió reconocer tres componentes tempranos donde se registra una tecnología orientada hacia la producción de hojas durante el inicio de ocupación de Pay Paso 1 (10,930-10,880 a.P.). El trabajo discute las formas principales de aprovisionamiento del ágata traslúcida durante el poblamiento de Uruguay, que se relacionan con la accesibilidad del recurso, la tecnología lítica, el territorio y la movilidad de los cazadores-recolectores tempranos de la región. Se registran desplazamientos de entre 140-170 km desde sitios residenciales hasta la zona de aprovisionamiento de ágata.

Abstract

Abstract

The paper presents the location of 10 translucent agate quarries discovered in the Catalanes Nacientes Arapey Archaeological Region (RACNA), which defines a procurement zone of agate in northern Uruguay. This raw material is the second-most used lithic resource in early stratigraphic contexts dated by ¹⁴C in northwestern Uruguay, following silicified sandstone. The frequency distribution of translucent agate is analyzed in two early residential hunter-gatherer sites, Pay Paso 1 (11,000 to 8,500 B.P.), and site K87 (10,420 B.P.), and at Catalan Seco 1 (CS-), which is a quarry-workshop site. A strong chronological basis is presented for the Pay Paso 1 site, which includes 32 radiocarbon dates that allow recognition of three early cultural components and a blade lithic technology for the initial occupation of the 1 site (10,930-10,889 B.P.). The paper discusses the main ways of distributing the translucent agate during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, which are related to accessibility of the resource, lithic technology, territory, and mobility of early hunter-gatherers in the region. Movements were recorded between 140 and 170 km from residential sites to the procurement area of the agate.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 359 - 384
Copyright
Copyright ©2011 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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