Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T19:48:45.824Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lecturas estratigráficas: arquitectura funeraria y depositación de residuos en el sambaquí Jabuticabeira II

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ximena Suarez Villagran ,
Daniela Klokler ,
Paula Nishida ,
Maria Dulce Gaspar  and
Paulo DeBlasis
Ximena Suarez Villagran
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Lago 562, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-080 SP. Brasil ([email protected])
Daniela Klokler
Affiliation:
Museu Nacional, Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20940-040 RJ. Brasil ([email protected])
Paula Nishida
Affiliation:
Museu de Arqueología e Etnología, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 1466, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-900. Brasil ([email protected])
Maria Dulce Gaspar
Affiliation:
Museu Nacional, Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro ([email protected])
Paulo DeBlasis
Affiliation:
Museu de Arqueología e Etnología, Universidade de São Paulo ([email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Resumen

Sambaquís (concheros o shell mounds) son construcciones antrópicas que aperecen en la costa brasileña hace aproximada mente 8000 años erguidas a partir de la acumulación formal de valvas de moluscos. En el Estado de Santa Catarina, algunos sitios tienen la particularidad de presentar un depósito ictiológico superior con características estratigráficas y composicionales semejantes al depósito malacológico (conchero) subyacente. La aparición del depósito superior fue tradicionalmente asociada a cambios en la subsistencia de estos grupos, con el reemplazo del consumo de moluscos por peces. Sin embargo, análisis faunísticos indicaron que la pesca siempre fue una actividad de subsistencia predominante. Nuevas interpretaciones del fenómeno sugirieron que la substitución de valvas de molusco por huesos de pescado responde a alteraciones tardías en la funcionalidad de los sitios. En este trabajo, la micromorfología de depósitos arqueológicos fue aplicada como herramienta principal de análisis para descifrar la formación del sitio Jabuticabeira II. A partir de la combinación de estudios geoarqueológicos, microestratigráficos y arqueofaunísticos realizados en ambos depósitos, proponemos un modelo para la formación de este sambaquí como resultado de sucesivos procesos de depositación antrópicos asociados a actividades rituales. Estos procesos envolvieron la quema de materiales, acumulación y re-depositación como diferentes etapas en el ritual funerario del grupo constructor. El origen de los materiales constructivos es discutido desde un abordaje contextual a través de la valorización del papel simbólico que la depositación de residuos tuvo entre estas poblaciones.

Abstract

Abstract

Shell mounds (sambaquis) are anthropic constructions that appear on the Brazilian coast around 8000 B.P., built through the accumulation of mollusk valves. In Santa Catarina state, some sites have the unique feature of an overlying fish deposit, but with stratigraphic and compositional characteristics that are similar to the lower shell deposit. The development of upper deposits was traditionally attributed to subsistence changes, with the replacement of mollusk consumption with fish. However, faunal analyses demonstrate that fishing was always a predominant subsistence activity. New interpretations of the phenomenon suggested that the replacement of mollusk shells with fish bones represents changes in site function. In this study, the micromorphology of archaeological deposits is the primary analytical tool used to decode the formation of Jabuticabeira II. Based on a combination of geoarchaeological, microstratigraphical, and faunal studies completed in both deposits, we propose that the sambaqui"s formation was the result of successive processes of anthropic deposition associated with ritual activities. These processes involved the burning of materials and accumulation and redeposition as various stages of the funerary ritual of this group. The origin of the building materials is discussed using a contextual approach that incorporates the symbolic role of the deposition of remains by these populations.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , June 2010 , pp. 195 - 216
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by the Society for American Archaeology.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Afonso, Marisa C., y DeBlasis, Paulo 1994 Aspectos da formação de um grande sambaqui: Alguns indicadores em Espinheiros II, Joinville, SC. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia 4:21–30.Google Scholar
Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel 2008 Steps Towards an Ecology of Landscape: The Pedo-Stratigraphy of Anthropogenic Dark Earths. En Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek’s Vision, editado por William Woods, Wenceslau Teixeira, Johannes Lehmann, Christopher Steiner, Antoinette WinklerPrins, y Lilian Rebellato, pp. 33–83. Springer Science, New York.Google Scholar
Babel, U. 1975 Micromorphology of Soil Organic Matter. En Soil Components: Organic Components, Vol. 1, editado por John E. Gieseking, pp. 369–473. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Anamaria 1972 A variação do conteúdo cultural dos sambaquís—Litoral de Santa Catarina. Tesis doctoral inédita, Faculdade de Filosofía, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Bell, Catherine 1992 Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Berna, Francesco, Behar, Adi, Shahack-Gross, Ruth, Berg, John, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Gilboa, Ayelet, Sharon, Ilan, Shalev, Sariel, Shilstein, Sana, Yahalom-Mack, Naama, Zorn, Jeffrey, y Weiner, Stephen 2007 Sediments Exposed to High Temperatures: Reconstructing Pyrotechnological Processes in Late Bronze and Iron Age Strata at Tel Dor (Israel). Journal of Archaeological Science 34:358–373.Google Scholar
Berna, Francesco, Matthews, Alan, y Weiner, Stephen 2004 Solubilities of Bone Mineral from Archaeological Sites: The Recrystallization Window. Journal of Archaeological Science 31:867–882.Google Scholar
Brochier, Jaques E. 1983 Bergeries et feux de bois neolithiques dans le Midi de la France. Caractérisation et incendence sur lê raisonnement sédimentologique. Quartär 33–34:181–193.Google Scholar
Brochier, Jaques E. 2002 Les sediments anthropiques: Methodes d’etude et perspectives. En Géologie de la Préhistoire, editado por Jean C. Miskovsky, pp. 453–477. Geopré, Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, Paris.Google Scholar
Bullock, P., Fedoroff, Nicolas, Jongerius, A., Stoops, Georges, Tursina, T., y Babel, U. 1985 Handbook for Soil Thin Section Description. Waine Research Publications, Wolverhampton.Google Scholar
Canti, M. G. 2003 Aspects of the Chemical and Microscopic Characteristics of Plant Ashes Found in Archaeological Soils. Catena 54:339–361.Google Scholar
Canti, M.G., y Linford, N. 2000 The Effects of Fire on Archaeological Soils and Sediments: Temperature and Colour Relationships. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 66:385–395.Google Scholar
Courty, Márie A., Goldberg, Paul, y Macphail, Richard 1989 Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
DeBlasis, Paulo, Fish, Suzanne K., Gaspar, Maria D., y Fish, Paul R. 1998 Some References for the Discussion of Complexity Among the Sambaqui Moundbuilders from the Southern Shores of Brazil. Revista de Arqueologia Americana 15:75–105.Google Scholar
DeBlasis, Paulo, Kneip, Andreas, Scheel-Ybert, Rita, Giannini, Paulo C., y Gaspar, Maria D. 2007 Sambaquis e paisagem: Dinâmica natural e arqueologia regional no litoral sul do Brasil. Arqueologia Sudamericanca/Arqueologia Sul-americana 3(1):29–61.Google Scholar
De Masi, Marco A. 2001 Pescadores-coletores da costa sul do Brasil. Revista Pesquisas 57:1–136.Google Scholar
De Paula, N., Yamamoto, J. K., y Tognon, A. A. 1991 Seções delgadas de solos: Método de impregnação com resina plástica araldite. Boletim do ICc-USP 9:193–196.Google Scholar
Embrapa, 1999 Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Embrapa produção de informação, Brasilia.Google Scholar
Figuti, Levy 1992 Les sambaquis COSIPA (4200 à 1200 ans BP): Étude de la subsistance chez les peuples préhistoriques de pêcheurs-ramasseurs de bivalves de la côte centrale de l’état de São Paulo, Brésil. Tesis doctoral inédita, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paleontologie Humaine.Google Scholar
Figuti, Levy, y Klokler, Daniela 1996 Resultados preliminares dos vestígios zooarqueológicos do sambaqui Espinheiros II (Joinville, SC). Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia 6:169–187.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne, DeBlasis, Paulo, Gaspar, Maria D., y Fish, Paul R. 2000 Eventos incrementais na construção de sambaquis, litoral Sul do estado de Santa Catarina. Revista do Museude Arqueologia e Etnologia 10:69–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzpatrick, Ewardt Adsil 1993 Soil Microscopy and Micromorphology. John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Gaspar, Maria D. 1998 Considerations of the Sambaquis of the Brazilian Coast. Antiquity 72:592–615.Google Scholar
Gaspar, Maria D. 2000 Constructión de “sambaquis” y ocupación del territorio brasileño por Pescadores, recolectores e cazadores. En Arqueologia de las Tierras Bajas, editado por A. Duran y R. Bracco, pp. 333–342. Ministério de Educatión y Culture, Montevideo.Google Scholar
Gaspar, Maria Dulce, Afonso, Marisa, DeBlasis, Paulo, Eggers, Sabine, Figuti, Levy, Fish, Suzanne, Fish, Paul, Klokler, Daniela M., Lahr, Marta M., y Morley, Edna 1999 Uma Breve História do Projeto de Pesquisa “Padrão de Assentamento e Formação de Sambaquis: Arqueologia e Preservação em Santa Catarina.” Revista do CEPA 23:131–141.Google Scholar
Gaspar, Maria D., y DeBlasis, Paulo 1992 Construção de Sambaquis. Anais da VIReuniao Científica da Sociedade de Arqueologia Brasileira 2:811–820.Google Scholar
Gaspar, Maria Dulce, Fish, Paul, Scheel-Ybert, Rita, Figuti, Levy, Klokler, Daniela, Kneip, Andreas, Ribeiro, L. B., Farias, Deisi, Afonso, Marisa, Karl, Rick, Eggers, Sabine, Fish, Suzanne, y DeBlasis, Paulo 2002 Padrão de Assentamento e Formação de Sambaquis: Arqueologia e Preservação em Santa Catarina. Revista de Arqueologia do Iphan 1:57–62.Google Scholar
Giannini, Paulo C. F. 1993 Sistemas deposicionais no Quaternário costeiro entre Jaguaruna e Imbituba, Santa Catarina. Tesis doctoral inédita, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Giannini, Paulo C. F., Sawakuchi, André O., Martinho, Taís, y Batumi, Sonia H. 2007 Eolian Depositional Episodes Controlled by Late Quaternary Relative Sea Level Changes on the Imbituba-Laguna Coast (Southern Brazil). Marine Geology 237:143–168.Google Scholar
Goldberg, Paul, y Macphail, Richard 2006 Practical and Theoretical Geoarchaeology. Black-well Publishing, Oxford.Google Scholar
Goldberg, Paul, y Whitbread, Ian 1993 Micromorphological Study of a Bedouin Tent Floor. En Formation Processes in Archaeological Context, editado por P. Goldberg, D. T. Nash, y M. D. Petraglia, pp. 156–188. Prehistoric Press, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Hill, J. D. 1995 Ritual and Rubbish in the Iron Age of Wessex. BAR British Series 242. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hodder, Ian 1987a The Contextual Analysis of Symbolic Behavior. En The Archaeology of Contextual Meanings, editado por Ian Hodder, pp. 1–10. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hodder, Ian 1987b The Meaning of Discard: Ash and Domestic Space in Baringo. En Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnological Approach, editado por Susan Kent, pp. 425–448. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Karl, Rick 2000 The Relative Chronology of Cultural Episodes at the Coastal Sambaqui Jabuticabeira II, in Santa Catarina, Brasil. Disertación de maestría inédita. Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Klokler, Daniela M 2001 Construindo ou deixando um sambaqui? Analise de sedimentos de um sambaqui do litoral meridional brasileiro—Processos formativos, regiao de Laguna SC. Disertación de maestría inédita, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Klokler, Daniela M 2008 Food for Body and Soul: Mortuary Ritual in Shell Mounds (Laguna-Brazil). Tesis doctoral inédita, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Kneip, Andreas 2004 O Povo da Lagoa: Uso do SIG para modelamento e simulação na área arqueológica do Camacho. Tesis doctoral inédita, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Lima, Hedinaldo N., Schaefer, Carlos E. R., Mello, Jaime W. V., Gilkes, Robert J., y Ker, Joao C. 2002a Pedogenesis and Pre-Columbian Land Use of “Terra Preta Anthrosolos” (“Indian Black Earth”) of Western Amazonia. Geoderma 110:1–17.Google Scholar
Lima, Tãnia A. 1991 Dos mariscos aos peixes: Um estudo zooarqueológico de mudanca de subsistência na pré-história do Rio de Janeiro. Tesis doctoral inédita, Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciencias Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Lima, Tãnia A., Macario, K. D., Anjos, R. M., Gomes, P. R. S., Coimbra, M. M., y Elmore, D. 2002b The Antiquity of the Prehistoric Settlement of the Central-South Brazilian Coast. Radiocarbon 44:733–738.Google Scholar
Linse, A. R. 1992 Is Bone Safe in a Shell Midden? En Deciphering a Shell Midden, editado por Julie Stein, pp. 327–346. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
Mallol, C. F., Marlowe, F., Wood, B., y Porter, C. 2007 Earth, Wind, and Fire: Ethnoarchaeological Signals of Hadza Fires. Journal of Archaeological Science 34:2035–2052.Google Scholar
Martinho, Thaís 2004 Morfodinãmica e sedimentología de campos de dunas transgressivas da região de Jaguaruna-Imbituba, Santa Catarina. Disertación de maestría inédita, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Matthews, W, French, C., Lawrence, T., Cutler, D. F., y Jones, M. K. 1997 Microstratigraphic Traces of Site Formation Processes and Human Activities. World Archaeology: High Definition Archaeology 29(2):281–308.Google Scholar
McCormac, F. G., Hogg, A. G., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Higham, T. F. G., y Reimer, J. P. 2004 SHcal04 Southern Hemisphere Calibration 0-11.0 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46:1087–1092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, P. E., Reeves, S., Teixeira Correia, C., y Haukka, M. 1999 Development of a Fused Glass Disc XRF Facility and Comparison with the Pressed Powder Pellet Technique at Instituto de Geociencias, Sao Paulo University. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 29:441–446.Google Scholar
Needham, Stuart, y Spence, Tony 1997 Refuse and the Formation of Middens. Antiquity 71:77–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, Paula 2007 A coisa ficou preta: Estudo do processo de formação da terra preta do sítio arqueológico Jabuticabeira II. Tesis doctoral inédita, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Nishida, Paula 2008 Zooarchaeological Analysis of Jabuticabeira II: The Dark Zone. Paper presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Vancouver.Google Scholar
Prous, André 1991 Arqueologia brasileira. Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia.Google Scholar
Rohr, Joao Alfredo 1984 Sitios arqueológicos de Santa Catarina. Anais do Museu de Antropología 17:77–168.Google Scholar
Sawakuchi, André O 2003 Sistemas deposicionais eólicos quaternáries na costa centro-sul catarinense: Relaçóes com o nível do mar. Disertación de maestria inédita, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Schaefer, Carlos E. R. 2001 Brazilian Latosols and Their B Horizon Microstructure as Long-Term Biotic Constructs. Australian Journal of Soil Research 39:909–926.Google Scholar
Schaefer, Carlos E. R., Lima, Hedinaldo N., Gilkes, Robert J., y Mello, Jaime W.V. 2004 Micromorphology and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Phosphorous and Potassium Forms of an Indian Black Earth (IBE) Anthrosol from Western Amazonia. Australian Journal of Soil Research 42:401–409.Google Scholar
Scheel-Ybert, Rita, Eggers, Sabine, Wesolowski, Veronica, Petronilho, Cecilia, Boyadjian, Célia, DeBlasis, Paulo, Guimaraes, Marcia y Gaspar, Dulce 2003 Novas perspectivas na reconstituição do modo de vida dos sambaquieiros: uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Revista de Arqueologia 16:109–137.Google Scholar
Scheel-Ybert, Rita, Dulce Gaspar, Maria, Klokler, Daniela, y Figuti, Levy 2005–2006 Proposta de amostragem padronizada para macro-vestígios bioarqueológicos: Antracologia, arqueobotanica, zooarqueologia. Revista do Museu de Arqueología e Etnología 15–16:139–163.Google Scholar
Schielg, Solveig, Goldberg, Paul, Bar-Yosef, Ofer y Weiner, Stephen 1996 Ash deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, Microscopic and Mineralogical Observations, and Their Archaeological Implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 23:763–781.Google Scholar
Schiegl, Solveig, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Ahmed El Goresy, y Stephen Weiner 1994 Siliceous Aggregates from Prehistoric Wood Ash: A Major Component of Sediments in Kebara and Hayonim Caves (Israel). Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 43:267–278.Google Scholar
Schiffer, Michael 1987 Formation Process of the Archaeological Record. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Morgan, y Heckenberger, Michael J. 2008 Amerindian Anthrosols: Amazonian Dark Earth Formation in the Upper Xingu. En Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek’s Vision, editado por William Woods, Wenceslau Teixeira, Johannes Lehmann, Christopher Steiner, Antoinette WinklerPrins, y Lilian Rebellato, pp. 163–191. Springer Science, New York.Google Scholar
Schoeninger, M. J., Moore, K. M., Murray, M. L., y Kingston, J. D. 1989 Detection of Bone Preservation in Archaeological and Fossil Samples. Applied Geochemistry 4:273–280.Google Scholar
Simpson, Ian, y Barrett, James H. 1996 Interpretation of Midden Formation Processes at Robert’s Haven, Caithness, Scotland Using Thin Section Micromorphology. Journal of Archaeological Science 23:543–556.Google Scholar
Smith, C. I., Nielsem-Marsh, C. M., Jans, M. M., y Collins, M. J. 2007 Bone Diagenesis in the European Holocene I: Patterns and Mechanisms. Journal of Archaeological Science 34:1485–1493.Google Scholar
Sombroek, Wim, Kern, Dirse, Rodrigues, Tarcício, da Silva Cravo, Manoel, Cunha Jarbas, Tony, Woods, William, y Glaser, Bruno 2002 Terra Preta and Terra Mulata: Pre-Columbian Amazon Kitchen Middens and Agricultural Fields, Their Sustainability, and Their Replication. Paper presented at the 17th World Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok.Google Scholar
Stoops, Georges 1986 Multilingual Translation of the Terminology Used in the “Handbook for Soil Thin Section Description.” Pédologie 36:225–233.Google Scholar
Stoops, Georges 2003 Guidelines for Analysis and Description of Soil and Regolith Thin Sections. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M., y Reimer, P. J. 1993 Extended 14C Database and Revised CALIB 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program. Radiocarbon 35:215–230.Google Scholar
Tenório, Maria Cristina 2004 Identidade cultural e origem dos sambaquís. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia 14:169–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trueman, Clive N. G., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Tuross, Noreen, y Weiner, Stephen 2004 Mineralogical and Compositional Changes in Bones Exposed in Soil Surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: Diagenetic Mechanisms and the Role of Sediment Pore Fluids. Journal of Archaeological Science 31:721–739.Google Scholar
Villagran, Ximena S. 2008 Análise de arqueofácies na camada preta do sambaquí Jabuticabeira II. Disertación de maestr’a inédita, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Villagran, Ximena S., Giannini, Paulo C. F., y DeBlasis, Paulo 2009 Archaeofacies Analysis: Using Depositional Attributes to Identify Anthropic Process of Deposition in a Monumental Shell Mound of Santa Catarina State (Southern Brazil). Geoarchaeology 24:311–335.Google Scholar
Wattez, Julia 1992 Dynamique de formation des structures de combustion de la fin du Paleolithique ao Neolithique moyen. Tesis de doctorado inédita. Université de Paris I, Paris.Google Scholar
Weiner, Stephen, Goldberg, Paul y Bar-Yosef, Ofer 2002 Three-dimensional distribution of minerals in the sediments of Hayonim cave, Israel: diagenetic processes and archaeological implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 29:1289–1308.Google Scholar
Wesolowsky, Veronica, Mendonça de Souza, Sheila, Rein-hard, Karl y Ceccantini, Gregório 2007 Grãnulos de amido e fitólitos em cálculos dentários humanos: contribuição ao estudo do modo de vida e sub-sistencia de grupos sambaquianos do litoral Brasil. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia 17:191–210.Google Scholar
Wilson, Douglas C. 1994 Identification and Assessment of Secondary Refuse Aggregates. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 1(1):41–68.Google Scholar