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Late Intermediate Period Funerary Traditions, Population Aggregation, and the Ayllu in the Sihuas Valley, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2021

Justin Jennings ,
Willy Yépez Álvarez ,
Stefanie L. Bautista ,
Beth K. Scaffidi ,
Tiffiny A. Tung ,
Aleksa K. Alaica ,
Stephen Berquist ,
Luis Manuel González La Rosa  and
Branden Rizzuto
Justin Jennings*
Affiliation:
Department of Art and Culture, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M65 2C6, Canada
Willy Yépez Álvarez
Affiliation:
Department of Art and Culture, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M65 2C6, Canada
Stefanie L. Bautista
Affiliation:
Department of Religion and Classics, University of Rochester, Rush Rhees Library, P.O. Box 270074, Rochester, New York14627, USA
Beth K. Scaffidi
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Heritage Studies, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California95343, USA
Tiffiny A. Tung
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B #356050, Nashville, Tennessee37235, USA
Aleksa K. Alaica
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 2S2, Canada
Stephen Berquist
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 2S2, Canada
Luis Manuel González La Rosa
Affiliation:
Archaeology Centre, University of Toronto, 19 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S2, Canada
Branden Rizzuto
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 2S2, Canada
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
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Abstract

The Late Intermediate period in the south-central Andes is known for the widespread use of open sepulchres called chullpas by descent-based ayllus to claim rights to resources and express idealized notions of how society should be organized. Chullpas, however, were rarer on the coast, with the dead often buried individually in closed tombs. This article documents conditions under which these closed tombs were used at the site of Quilcapampa on the coastal plain of southern Peru, allowing an exploration into the ways that funerary traditions were employed to both reflect and generate community affiliation, ideals about sociopolitical organization, and land rights. After a long hiatus, the site was reoccupied and quickly expanded through local population aggregation and highland migrations. An ayllu organization that made ancestral claims to specific resources was poorly suited to these conditions, and the site's inhabitants instead seem to have organized themselves around the ruins of Quilcapampa's earlier occupation. In describing what happened in Quilcapampa, we highlight the need for a better understanding of the myriad ways that Andean peoples used mortuary customs to structure the lives of the living during a period of population movements and climate change.

El período intermedio tardío en los Andes centro-sur es conocido por el uso generalizado de monumentos funerarios llamados chullpas, por los ayllus, basados en la ascendencia, para reclamar derechos sobre los recursos y expresar creencias idealizadas de cómo debería organizarse la sociedad. Las chullpas, sin embargo, eran inusuales en la costa, los muertos eran enterrados individualmente en tumbas cerradas. Este artículo documenta las circunstancias bajo las cuales se utilizaron estos últimos tipos de tumbas en el sitio de Quilcapampa, en la llanura costera del sur del Perú, permitiendo la exploración de las formas en que se emplearon las tradiciones funerarias para reflejar y generar afiliación comunitaria, ideales sobre la organización sociopolítica y el derecho sobre la tierra. Después de una larga pausa, el sitio se volvió a ocupar y rápidamente se expandió mediante la concentración de la población local y las migraciones desde la sierra. Una organización ayllu que hizo reclamos ancestrales a recursos específicos era poco adecuada para estas condiciones, los habitantes del sitio en cambio, se organizaron alrededor de las ruinas de la ocupación anterior de Quilcapampa. Al destacar lo que sucedió en Quilcapampa, esperamos llamar la atención sobre la necesidad de una mejor comprensión de las innumerables formas en que los pueblos andinos utilizaron las costumbres mortuorias para estructurar las vidas de los vivos durante un período de migraciones poblacionales y de cambio climático.

Keywords

funerary practicessocial organizationidentitysettlement planningAndesprácticas funerariasorganización socialidentidadplan de asentamientoAndes
Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , September 2021 , pp. 517 - 535
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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