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Ideological Pathways to Economic Exchange: Religion, Economy, and Legitimation at the Classic Maya Royal Capital of Cancuén

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2017

Arthur A. Demarest
Arthur A. Demarest*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt Institute of Mesoamerican Archaeology and Development, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, 59-B, Nashville, TN 37235 ([email protected]
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Abstract

The royal port of Cancuén was a major economic exchange center controlling the nexus of the river and land transport routes between the Maya highlands and lowlands, as well as to the Gulf of Mexico. Given its lack of temples, moderate size, and near absence of direct military activities, it would appear to have been an almost exclusively economic power. However, recent theory has emphasized the seamless connection of ideology and economics. Cancuén provides good examples of the variety of mechanisms of legitimation and control, showing the interactive nature of ideology, ritual, coercion, and economic power. The case of Cancuén is especially illustrative because of the direct nature of its economic resource control and the wide variety of ideological mechanisms used to channel the perceptions and behavior of a broad class of social actors. Furthermore, each mechanism of legitimation appears targeted at a specific aspect of the exchange system. The patterns exemplify the nature of interactions in the Classic period and the devices linking economic rights and ideology.

El puerto de Cancuén era un centro económico, que controlaba el acceso a las rutas terrestres del Altiplano y a las rutas fluviales del río La Pasión. Ambas eran críticas para el transporte y el intercambio entre las Tierras Bajas, el Altiplano, y los estados del Golfo de México. Dado que Cancuén carece de templos, que tiene un tamaño moderado y que hay pocas evidencias de que se haya involucrado directamente en actividades militares, parecería que funcionaba casi exclusivamente como un poder económico. Sin embargo, la teoría recientemente desarrollada ha enfatizado la fluida conexión entre la ideología y la economía. Cancuén provee excelentes ejemplos del uso de una variedad de mecanismos de legitimación y de control, que muestran la naturaleza interactiva de la ideología, el ritual, la coerción y el poder económico. El caso de Cancuén es especialmente ilustrativo por la naturaleza claramente económica que se observa en el control de sus recursos y por una variedad de estrategias que usó para canalizar las percepciones y el comportamiento de una amplia gama de actores sociales. Es más, cada uno de los mecanismos de legitimación que usó parece haber apuntado a un aspecto específico del sistema de intercambio. Los patrones descubiertos ejemplifican la naturaleza de las interacciones en el período Clásico y los dispositivos que ligaban los derechos económicos y la ideología.

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Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 371 - 402
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2013

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