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Houses on a Hill: Classic Period Life at El Palmillo, Oaxaca, Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gary M. Feinman ,
Linda M. Nicholas  and
Helen R. Haines
Gary M. Feinman
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605
Linda M. Nicholas
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605
Helen R. Haines
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605
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Abstract

The increasing attention devoted to the investigation of prehispanic houses in Mesoamerica owes much theoretically and methodologically to the early household archaeology undertaken decades ago in the Valley of Oaxaca. Yet despite the large sample of Formative period houses excavated in this region, little is known about domestic life during the later Classic and Postclassic periods. In this paper we broaden the database of Classic period houses by reporting on excavations on five residential terraces at El Palmillo, one of many large hilltop terraced sites in the valley that collectively housed as much as two-thirds of the region"s Classic period population. Occupied for centuries, the terraces and their associated domestic compounds at El Palmillo underwent a series of coordinated episodes of wall construction, repair, and spatial modification. Craft activities-especially the production of chipped stone tools and maguey fiber for cordage and cloth-were an important part of domestic life. The relative importance of these different household economic activities varied from terrace to terrace, indicating that domestic production was specialized and operated at the household level. Maguey and other xerophytic plants also provided important subsistence resources. Differences in access to nonlocal goods have been documented between terraces, although the extent of such variation is not marked in the present sample. Although preliminary, the El Palmillo findings provide a new empirical basis from which to examine domestic life and the economic and organizational foundations of Classic period hill-top terraced settlements in Oaxaca. These findings reflect on larger issues about the basic economy of later prehispanic Mesoamerica and the articulation of domestic units and household production into larger socioeconomic networks that theoretically extended well beyond ancient Oaxaca.

La atención creciente dedicada a la investigación de casas prehispánicas en Mesoamérica debe mucho teórica y metodológicamente a la arqueología de casas domésticas llevada a cabo hace décadas en el valle de Oaxaca. Empero, a pesar de la muestra grande de casas del período Formativo excavada en dicha región, todavía se sabe poco de la vida cotidiana para épocas prehispánicas más recientes. En este artículo, ampliamos los datos de casas domésticas del período Clásico a través de un informe de la excavación de cinco terrazas residenciales en El Palmillo, uno de muchos sitios grandes con terrazas encima de cerros en el valle, donde vivió una parte considerable de la población durante el Clásico. Ocupadas por siglos, las terrazas en El Palmillo y sus conjuntos residenciales asociados experimentaron episodios coordinados de construcción de muros, reparación y modificación espacial. Actividades artesanales-especialmente la producción de herramientas de lítica lasqueada y de la fibra y tela de maguey-fueron parte significativa de la vida doméstica en El Palmillo. La importancia relativa de estas actividades económicas varió de una terraza a otra, indicando que la producción doméstica probablemente fue especializada. Maguey y otras plantas xerófilas también proporcionaron recursos de subsistencia. Diferencias en el acceso a bienes no locales también han sido documentadas entre terrazas, aunque el grado de variación no está marcado fuertemente en la muestra actual. Aunque preliminares, los hallazgos de El Palmillo proporcionan una base empírica nueva para examinar la vida cotidiana y los cimientos económicos y organizativos de los asentamientos con terrazas encima de cerros del período Clásico en Oaxaca. También reflejan en cuestiones más grandes de la economía de Mesoamérica prehispánica más reciente y la articulación de las unidades domésticas y la producción doméstica en redes socioeconómicas más grandes que teóricamente extienden mucho más allá de Oaxaca.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , September 2002 , pp. 251 - 277
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2002

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