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Evidencias isotópicas y radiocarbónicas de paleodieta y movilidad en una inhumación del período Formativo temprano (ca. 2400 cal aP) en la Puna de Atacama (norte de Chile)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 October 2019
Abstract
Un trabajo de rescate arqueológico en la cuenca alta del Río Loa (norte de Chile) resultó en el hallazgo de una inhumación prehispánica de un infante asociado a variados atavíos y ofrendas, junto a los restos óseos parciales de una adolescente. Ambos individuos fueron sometidos a análisis de isótopos estables para establecer paleodieta (δ13C y δ15N) y movilidad (δ18O y 87Sr/86Sr). Además, se efectuaron dataciones radiocarbónicas pareadas de los restos bioantropológicos y culturales con el fin establecer la cronología de la inhumación y, a la vez, evaluar la existencia de un posible efecto reservorio marino. Los resultados isotópicos sugieren consumo de dieta principalmente terrestre y un origen local para los individuos, aunque con una ingesta moderada de recursos marinos. Los fechados radiocarbónicos presentan una inesperada diferencia entre las edades de las ofrendas y los restos humanos, indicando la existencia de un importante efecto reservorio. Dichos resultados dan nuevas luces sobre el consumo de alimentos marinos durante el Formativo temprano en la región, a la vez que permiten ejemplificar los alcances de efectuar dataciones pareadas de restos humanos y culturales.
During a rescue operation in the upper basin of the Loa River (northern Chile), archaeologists discovered a prehispanic burial of a newborn associated with various offerings and the partial skeletal remains of a teenager. We conducted stable isotope analysis to establish palaeodiet (δ13C and δ15N) and mobility (δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr). In addition, we carried out paired radiocarbon dating of bioanthropological and cultural remains in order to date the burial event and evaluate a possible marine reservoir effect. The results of these analyses suggest that (1) the individuals' diets were composed primarily of terrestrial resources, supplemented by moderate consumption of marine resources; and (2) that the individuals studied were of isotopically local origin. Radiocarbon dates showed an unexpected difference between the ages of the offerings and the human remains, likely due to the marine reservoir effect. These results shed new light on the consumption of marine foods during the Early Formative in the region. At the same time, this study is an example of the importance of carrying out paired dates of human/cultural remains on burials.
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