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Difficulties in Rejecting a Local Ancestry With mtDNA Haplogroup Data in the South-Central Andes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cecil M. Lewis Jr.
Cecil M. Lewis Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 ([email protected])
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Abstract

This study assesses whether local genetic drift within populations can be rejected as a sufficient explanation for mitochondrial DNA haplogroup frequency changes between contemporary and prehistoric population samples in the South-Central Andes. Differences in the frequencies of haplogroups between populations are a popular line of evidence for assessing population history. The null hypothesis of haplo group frequency change is a stochastic force inherent to finite populations called genetic drift. Genetic drift is particularly influential in small populations. Innumerable historical events can result in low population sizes, and the simplest scenarios for these events are those occurring locally. In this study, simulations are used to provide a baseline for the amount of haplogroup-frequency difference expected from local genetic drift over time. The results from the simulations are compared to observed data from 23 population samples, including six prehistoric population samples. The study concludes that local genetic drift cannot be rejected when comparing a prehistoric population to a contemporary population. For the South-Central Andes, these results have dire consequences when attempting to infer genetic exchange. This study demonstrates that more informative genetic data are required for such inferences.

El presente estudio evalúa si la Deriva genética que ocurre entre poblaciones locales puede ser rechazada cuando se explican los cambios en las frecuencias de los haplogrupos observadas entre poblaciones contemporáneas y prehistóricas en la zona Sur Central de los Andes. La diferencia en las frecuencias de los haplogrupos mitocondriales entre poblaciones, ha sido una evidencia popular en la evaluación de la historia de poblaciones. La hipótesis nula de que las frecuencias de haplogrupos es un proceso estocástico inherente a poblaciones finitas es llamada Deriva gènica. La Deriva gènica es especialmente influyente en poblaciones pequeñas. Innumerables eventos históricos pueden resultar en periodos de tiempo en los cuales el tamaño de población es bajo; el escenario más simple envuelve eventos de ocurrencia local. En este estudio, se emplean simulaciones para generar una línea base para la magnitud de la diferencia en la frecuencia esperada para los haplogrupos a partir de la deriva génica local a través del tiempo. Los resultados de las simulaciones son comparados con los datos observados a partir de 23 muestras de poblaciones, incluyendo seis muestras de poblaciones prehistóricas. El estudio concluye que la deriva génica local no puede ser rechazada cuando se compara una población prehistórica con una población contemporánea. Para la zona Sur Central de los Andes, estos resultados tienen consecuencias directas en el intento de inferir intercambio genético. Este estudio demuestra que se requieren más datos genéticos para ese tipo de inferencias.

Type
Part 1: Themed Section on Tehnology Approaches
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 76 - 90
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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References

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