Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T23:35:42.090Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dedication and Termination Rituals in Southern Moche Public Architecture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jorge Gamboa Velásquez
Jorge Gamboa Velásquez*
Affiliation:
Proyecto Arqueológico Panamarca-Área Monumental and Escuela de Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Educatión y Comunicación, Universidad National Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Unasam. Av. José Faustino Sánchez Carrión 908., Second floor, El Porvenir, Trujillo, Perú, ([email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper assesses a set of ideological practices related to the growth and abandonment of ceremonial and administrative buildings from the southern Moche area of the north coast of Peru. The archaeological record at Huacas de Moche, El Brujo, and Guadalupito, three of the main settlements in the region, includes evidence for the deposition and manipulation of animal and human bodies, burning, and the alteration of wall iconography. These activities took place in the period between A.D. 300-750, and were related to either the construction and renovation of structures or the abandonment of monumental built spaces. The analysis of this data contributes to a better understanding of Moche ritual dedicatory behavior, contextualizing it in a broader perspective on place making and the marking of time in precolumbian South America.

Resumen

Resumen

El presente artículo evalúa datos procedentes de Huacas de Moche, El Brujo y Guadalupito, tres asentamientos Moche investigados intensivamente en las últimas décadas. Este análisis revela una serie de procedimientos de celebración del ciclo existencial de los espacios religiosos y de interacción políticá de la costa norte peruana entre los ahos 300-750 d.C. Los contextos examinados muestran la importancia que el estudio de las consagraciones arquitectónicas adquiere en la investigación de la conducta ceremonial Moche, permitiendo incorporar un rico conjunto de nuevas evidencias al debate sobre el significado de la dedicación y terminación de arquitectura publico en América precolombina.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 87 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Alva, Walter, and Donnan, Christopher 1993 Royal Tombs of Sipán. Fowler Museum of Cultural History. University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Armas, José, Aguilar, Javier, Bellodas, Raúl, Gamboa, Jorge, Haro, Olga, and Regalado, Delicia 2004 Excavaciones en Plaza 1 y Frontis Norte de Plataforma I. In Investigaciones en Huaca de la Luna 1998–1999, edited by Santiago Uceda, Elías Mújica and Ricardo Morales, pp. 51–94. Proyecto Huacas de Moche, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Arriola, Carlos, and Tesar, Louis 2011 The Pikillacta 2004 Eastern Gate Offering Pit. Ñawpa Pacha 31:1–44.Google Scholar
Bawden, Garth 2001 The Symbols of Late Moche Social Transformation. In Moche Art and Archaeology in Ancient Peru, edited by Joanne Pillsbury, pp. 285–305. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Benson, Elizabeth 1975 Death-Associated Figures on Mochica Pottery. In Death and the Afterlife in Pre-Columbian America, edited by Elizabeth Benson, pp. 105–144. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bourget, Steve 2006 Sex, Death, and Sacrifice in Moche Religion and Visual Culture. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Bray, Tamara 2009 An Archaeological Perspective on the Andean Concept of Camaquen: Thinking through Late Pre-Columbian Ofrendas and Huacas. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19(3):357–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campana, Cristóbal 1999 Los Mochicas y el Ojo Izquierdo en la Iconografía Norandina. Sian 7:26–31.Google Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude 2004 Tumbas y Clases Sociales en la Zona Urbana del Sitio Huacas de Moche. In Desarrollo arqueológico de la Costa Norte del Perú, edited by Luis Valle, pp. 177–188. Ediciones Sian, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude 2008 Out in the Streets of Moche. In Andean Archaeology 1, edited by William Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 53–88. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, New York.Google Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude 2010a Moche Political Organization in the Santa Valley. A Case of Direct Rule through Gradual Control of Local Population. In New Perspectives on Moche Political Organization, edited by Jeffrey Quilter and Luis J. Castillo, pp. 252–279. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude 2010b Moche and Wari during the Middle Horizon on the North Coast of Peru. In Beyond Wari Walls. Regional Perspectives on Middle Horizon Peru, edited by Justin Jennings, pp. 213–232. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude 2011 Los Moche del Santa. Una larga historia. In Andes 8. Arqueología de la Costa de Ancash, edited by Milosz Giersz and Ivan Ghezzi, pp. 185–230. Warsaw University and Institut Français d’Études Andines, Lima.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude, and Pimentel, Víctor 2008 Personaje de Alto Rango en San Juanito, Santa. In Señores de los Reinos de la Luna, edited by Krzysztof Makowski, pp. 248–253. Banco de Crédito del Perú, Lima.Google Scholar
Chapdelaine, Claude, Pimentel, Víctor, and Gamboa, Jorge 2009 Gallinazo Cultural Identity in the Lower Santa Valley: Ceramics, Architecture, Burial Patterns, and Sociopolitical Organization. In Gallinazo. An Early Cultural Tradition on the Peruvian North Coast, edited by Jean-François Millaire and Magali Morlion.pp. 181–206. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. University of California, Los Angeles.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauchat, Claude, and Gutiérrez, Belkys 2013 Una Estatua de Piedra en la Plataforma Uhle, Huacas de Moche, Perú. Ñawpa Pacha, 33(2): 149–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordy-Collins, Alana 1997 The Offering Room Group. In The Pacatnamu Papers 2. The Moche Occupation, edited by Christopher Donnan and Guillermo Cock, pp. 283–292. Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Cordy-Collins, Alana 2003 El mundo Moche al empezar el Siglo VIII. Transiciones e Influencias. In Moche. Hacia el final del milenio II, edited by Santiago Uceda and Elías Mujica, pp. 229–246. Fondo Editorial PUCP, Lima.Google Scholar
Darras, Véronique 2003 La Arqueología del Abandono. Algunos apuntes desde Mesoamérica. Trace 43:11–24.Google Scholar
Delgado, Hugo 1989 El Gesto Ritual en las Ceremonias Mágico Religiosas en Ayacucho. Cuadernos de Investigatión 6. Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho.Google Scholar
DeMarrais, Elizabeth, Castillo, Luis J., and Earle, Timothy 1996 Ideology, Materialization, and Power Strategies. Current Anthropology, 37(1): 15–31.Google Scholar
Donnan, Christopher 2008 Moche Masking Traditions. In The Art and Archaeology of the Moche, edited by Steve Bourget and Kimberly L. Jones, pp. 67–80. University of Texas Press, Austin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donnan, Christopher, and Mackey, Carol 1978 Ancient Burial Patterns of the Moche Valley, Peru. University of Texas Press, Texas.Google Scholar
Feldman, Richard 1985 Preceramic Corporate Architecture: Evidence for the Development of Non-Egalitarian Social Systems in Peru. In Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, edited by Christopher Donnan, pp. 71–92. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Flores Ochoa, Jorge 1977 Enqa, Enqaychu, Ilia y Khuya Rumi. In Pastores de puna. Uywamichiq Punarunakuna, edited by Jorge A Flores Ochoa, pp. 211–237. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo 2009 Mochica. Señores de los valles del norte. Fundación Wiesse and Petrolera Transoceánica S.A., Lima.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo, Gálvez, Cesar, and Vásquez, Segundo 1994a Arquitectura y Decoratión Mochica en Huaca Cao Viejo. In Moche Propuestas y Perspective, edited by Santiago Uceda, and Elías Mujica, pp. 147–180. Travaux de l’lnstitut Français d’Études Andines 79, Lima.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo, Gálvez, Cesar, and Vásquez, Segundo 1994b Proyecto Arqueológico Complejo El Brujo. Informe Final 1994. Report submitted to the Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo, Gálvez, Cesar, and Vásquez, Segundo 1999 Porras Mochicas del Complejo El Brujo. Sian 7:16–23.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo, Gálvez, Cesar, and Vásquez, Segundo 2001 La Huaca Cao Viejo en el Complejo El Brujo. Arqueológicas 25:123–173.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo, Gálvez, Cesar, and Vásquez, Segundo 2003 Modelos, Función y Cronología de Huaca Cao Viejo. In Moche. Hacia el final del milenio II, edited by Santiago Uceda and Elías Mujica, pp. 125–177. Fondo Editorial PUCP, Lima.Google Scholar
Franco, Régulo, Gálvez, Cesar, and Vásquez, Segundo 2004 Modelo, Función y Cronología del Edificio D, Cao Viejo, Complejo El Brujo. In Desarrollo arqueológico de la Costa Norte del Perú, edited by Luis Valle, pp. 159–176. Ediciones Sian, Trujillo, Peru.Google Scholar
Gamboa, Jorge 2014 The Enclosed Public Space: Moche Plazas (AD 400–750) as Places of Social Encounter. Paper presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Austin.Google Scholar
Garber, James 1983 Patterns of Jade Consumption at Cerros, Belize. American Antiquity 48(4):800–807.Google Scholar
Giersz, Milosz 2011 Los Guardianes de la Frontera Sur. La Presencia Moche en Culebras y Huarmey. In Andes 8. Arqueología de la Costa de Ancash, edited by Milosz Giersz and Iván Ghezzi, pp. 271–310. Warsaw University and Institut Français d’Études Andines, Lima.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goepfert, Nicolas 2010 The Llama and the Deer: Dietary and Symbolic Dualism in the Central Andes. Anthropozoologica 45:25–45. Publications Scientifiques, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.Google Scholar
Haas, Jonathan 1985 Excavations on Huaca Grande: An Initial View of the Elite at Pampa Grande, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 12(4):391–409.Google Scholar
Houston, Stephen, Stuart, David, and Taube, Karl 2006 The Memory of Bones: Body, Being, and Experience among the Classic Maya. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Inomata, Takeshi 2003 War, Destruction, and Abandonment. The Fall of the Classic Maya Center of Aguateca, Guatemala. In The Archaeology of Settlement Abandonment in Middle America, edited by Takeshi Inomata and Ronald Webb, pp. 43–60. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Jave, Noé 2013 Sacrificio de Condor (Vultur gryphus) en el Formativo Tardío de Cerro Punta Blanca, valle de Lurín, Perú. Arqueología v Sociedad 25:35–56.Google Scholar
Lohse, Jon C. 2007 Commoner Ritual, Commoner Ideology. (Sub-)Al-ternate Views of Social Complexity in Prehispanic Mesoamerica. In Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Nancy Gonlin and Jon C. Lohse, pp. 1–32. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
López Luján, Leonardo, Nadal, Laura Filloy, Fash, Barbara, Fash, William, and Hernández, Pilar 2006 The Destruction of Images in Teotihuacan: Anthropomorphic Sculpture, Elite Cults, and the End of a Civilization. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 49–50:13–39.Google Scholar
López Austin, Alfredo, and Lujan, Leonardo López 2009 Monte Sagrado: Templo Mayor. INAH and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México D.F. Google Scholar
MAAUNMSM (Museo de Arqueología y Antropología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos) 2005 Arqueología del valle de Nepeña. Excavaciones en Cerro Blanco y Punkurí. Cuadernos de Investigatión del Archivo Tello 4. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima.Google Scholar
Mackey, Carol, and Hasting, Charles 1982 Moche Murals from the Huaca de la Luna. In Precolumbian Art History. Selected Readings, edited by Alana Cordy-Collins, pp. 293–312. Peek Publications, Palo Alto.Google Scholar
Meddens, Frank, McEwan, Colin, and Vivanco, Cirilo 2010 Inca “Stone Ancestors” in Context at High-Altitude Ushnu Platform. Latin American Antiquity 21(2): 173–194.Google Scholar
Mock, Shirley B. 1998 The Defaced and the Forgotten. Decapitation and Flaying/Mutilation as a Termination Event at Coha, Belize. In The Sowing and the Dawning: Termination, Dedication, and Transformation in the Archaeological and Ethnographical Record at Mesoamerica, edited by Shirley B. Mock, pp. 113–123. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Monaghan, John 1998 Dedication: Ritual or Production? In The Sowing and the Dawning. Termination, Dedication, and Transformation in the Archaeological and Ethnographical Record at Mesoamerica, edited by Shirley B. Mock, pp. 47–52. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Montoya, María 1997 Excavaciones en Unidad 11 de Plataforma I. In Investigaciones en Huaca de la Luna 1995, edited by Santiago Uceda, Elías Mujica, and Ricardo Morales, pp. 23–28. Proyecto Huacas de Moche. Trujillo.Google Scholar
Moore, Jerry 1996 Architecture and Power in the Ancient Andes. The Archaeology of Public Buildings. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Moore, Jerry 2005 Cultural Landscapes in the Ancient Andes. University Press of Florida. Gainsville.Google Scholar
Morales, Ricardo 2003 Iconografía Litúrgica y Contexto Arquitectónico en Huaca de la Luna. In Moche. Hacia el final del milenio I, edited by Santiago Uceda and Elías Mujica, pp. 425–476. Fondo Editorial PUCP, Lima.Google Scholar
Mujica, Elías 2007 El Brujo. Centro ceremonial Moche en el valle de Chicama. Fundación Wiesse, ING Fondos y AFP Integra, Lima.Google Scholar
Nachtigal, Horst 1975 Ofrendas de Llamas en la Vida Ceremonial de los Pastores. Allpanchis 8:133–140.Google Scholar
O’Neil, Megan 2013 Marked Faces, Displaced Bodies: Monument Breakage and Reuse among the Classic-Period Maya. In Striking Images, Iconoclasms Past and Present, edited by Stacy Boldrick, Leslie Brubaker, and Richard Clay, pp. 47–64. Ashgate Publishing Company, Farnham.Google Scholar
Pagliaro, Jonathan, Garber, James, and Stanton, Travis 2003 Evaluating the Archaeological Signatures of Maya Ritual and Conflict. In Ancient Mesoamerican Warfare, edited by Kathryn Brown and Travis Stanton, pp. 75–89. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek.Google Scholar
Pillsbury, Joanne 1996 The Thorny Oyster and the Origin of Empire: Implications of Recently Uncovered Spondylus Imagery from Chan Chan, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 7(4):313–340.Google Scholar
Prieto, Gabriel 2008 Rituales de Enterramiento Arquitectónico en el Núcleo Urbano Moche. In Arqueología Mochica. Nuevos enfoques, edited by Luis J. Castillo, Hélène Bernier, Gregory Lockard, and Julio Rucabado, pp. 307–323. Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos and Fondo Editorial PUCP, Lima.Google Scholar
Sakai, Masato 1998 Reyes, Estrellas y Cerros en Chimor. Organizatión Espacial y Temporal en Chan Chan. Editorial Horizonte, Lima.Google Scholar
Shimada, Izumi 1990 Cultural Discontinuities and Discontinuities on the Northern North Coast of Peru, Middle-Late Horizons. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by Michael Moseley and Alana Cordy-Collins, pp. 297–392. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Shimada, Izumi 1994 Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam 2003 The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Stanton, Travis, and Magnoni, Aline 2008 Places of Remembrance. The Use and Perception of Abandoned Structures in the Maya Lowlands. In Ruins of the Past: The Use and Perception of Abandoned Structures in the Maya Lowlands, edited by Travis Stanton and Aline Magnoni, pp. 1–24. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Swenson, Edward 2011 Stagecraft and the Politics of Spectacle in Ancient Peru. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21(2):283–313.Google Scholar
Swenson, Edward 2012 Moche Ceremonial Architecture as Thirdspace: The politics of Place-making in the Ancient Andes. Journal of Social Archaeology 12(1):3–28.Google Scholar
Swenson, Edward, and Warner, John 2012 Crucibles of Power: Forging Cooper and Forging Subjects at the Moche Ceremonial Center of Huaca Colorada, Peru. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31:314–333.Google Scholar
Taylor, Gerald 2000 Camac, Camay y Camasca y otros Ensayos sobre Huarochirí y Yauyos. Institut Français d’Études Andines and Centra Bartolomé de las Casas, Lima.Google Scholar
Tomoeda, Hiroyasu 1994 Los Ritos Contemporáneos de Camélidos y la Ceremonia de la Citua. In El Mundo Ceremonial Andino, edited by Luis Millones and Yoshio Onuki, pp. 283–299. Editorial Horizonte, Lima.Google Scholar
Tomoeda, Hiroyasu 2000 Estética del Ritual Andino. In Desde Afuera y desde Adentro: Ensayos de Etnología e Historia del Cuzco y Apurímac, edited by Luis Millones, Hiroyasu Tomoeda, and Tatsuhiko Fujii, pp. 353–368. National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka.Google Scholar
Topic, John 2008 El Santuario de Catequil: Estructura y Agencia. Hacia una Comprensión de los Oráculos Andinos. In Adivinación y Oráculos en Mundo Andino Antiguo, edited by Marco Curatola and Mariusz Ziolkowski, pp. 71–95. Fondo Editorial PUCP and Institut Français d’Études Andines, Lima.Google Scholar
Topic, John, Topic, Theresa, and Melly, Alfredo 2002 Catequil: The Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Ethnography of a Major Provincial Huaca. In Andean Archaeology 1, edited by William Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 303–336. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Trever, Lisa, Gamboa, Jorge, Toribio, Ricardo, and Surette, Flannery 2013 A Moche Feathered Shield from the Painted Temples of Pañamarca, Peru. Ñawpa Pacha 33(1): 103–118.Google Scholar
Tufinio, Moises 2006 Unidad 15 de Plataforma I. In Investigaciones en Huaca de la Luna 2000, edited by Santiago Uceda, Elías Mujica, and Ricardo Morales, pp. 25–34. Proyecto Huacas de Moche, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Tufinio, Moises 2007 Frontis Norte y Plaza 1. In Proyecto Huaca de la Luna, lnforme Técnico 2006, edited by Santiago Uceda and Ricardo Morales, pp. 35–43. Proyecto Huacas de Moche, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago 1997 El Poder y la Muerte en la Sociedad Moche. In Investigaciones en Huaca de la Luna 1995, edited by Santiago Uceda, Elías Mujica, and Ricardo Morales, pp. 177–188. Proyecto Huacas de Moche, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago 2001 Investigations at Huaca de la Luna: An Example of Moche Religious Architecture. In Moche Art and Archaeology in Ancient Peru, edited by Joanne Pillsbury, pp. 46–67. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago 2008 The Priests of the Bicephalus Arc. Tombs and Effigies Found in Huaca de la Luna and Their Relation to Moche Rituals. In The Art and Archaeology of the Moche. An Ancient Andean Society of the Peruvian North Coast, edited by Steve Bourget and Kimberly Jones, pp. 153–178. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago, and Canziani, José 1998 Secuencia Arquitectónica y Nuevas Perspectivas de Investigatión en Huaca de la Luna. In Investigaciones en Huaca de la Luna 1996, edited by Santiago Uceda, Elías Mújica, and Ricardo Morales, pp. 139–158. Proyecto Huacas de Moche, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago, and Morales, Ricardo (editors) 2009 Moche. Pasado y Presente. Patronato Huacas de Moche, Fondo Contravalor Perú-Francia and Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago, Morales, Ricardo, Canziani, José, and Montoya, María 1994 Investigaciones sobre Arquitectura y Relieves Polícromos en Huaca de la Luna. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by Santiago Uceda and Elías Mujica, pp. 251–303. Travaux de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 79, Lima.Google Scholar
Uceda, Santiago, and Tufinio, Moises 2003 El Complejo Arquitectónico Religioso de Huaca de la Luna. In Moche. Hacia el Final del Milenio II, edited by Santiago Uceda and Elías Mujica, pp. 179–228. Fondo Editorial PUCP, Lima.Google Scholar
Vogel, Melissa 2012 Frontier Life in Ancient Peru: The Archaeology of Cerro La Cruz. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Debra S. 1998 Smashed Pots and Shattered Dreams: The Material Evidence for an Early Classic Maya Termination at Cerros, Belize. In The Sowing and the Dawning. Termination, Dedication, and Transformation in the Archaeological and Ethnographical Record at Mesoamerica, edited by Shirley B. Mock, pp. 81–99. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Wester, Carlos 2010 Chotuna-Chornancap: Templos, rituales y ancestros Lambayeque. Unidad Ejecutora Naylamp and Museo Brüning de Lambayeque, Lima.Google Scholar
Wiersema, Juliet 2012 Moche Architectural Vessels: Small Structures, Big Implications. Andean Past 10:67–98.Google Scholar
Wilson, David 1988 Prehispanic Settlements Patterns in the Lower Santa Valley, North Coast of Peru. A Regional Perspective on the Origins and Development of Complex Society. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Williams, Patrick R. 2001 Cerro Baúl: A Wari Center on the Tiwanaku. Latin American Antiquity 12(1):67–83.Google Scholar
Zavaleta, Enrique 2005 Unidad 16. In Proyecto Huaca de la Luna. Informe Técnico 2004, edited by Santiago Uceda and Ricardo Morales, pp. 21–55. Proyecto Huacas de Moche, Trujillo.Google Scholar
Zavaleta, Enrique 2006 Unidad 16. In Proyecto Huaca de la Luna. Informe Técnico 2005, edited by Santiago Uceda and Ricardo Morales, pp. 13–39. Proyecto Huacas de Moche. Trujillo.Google Scholar
Zuidema, Tom 1964 The Ceque System of Cusco: The Social Organization of the Capital of the Inca. E. J. Brill, Leiden.Google Scholar