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Cerro Baúl: A Wari Center on the Tiwanaku Frontier

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Patrick Ryan Williams
Patrick Ryan Williams*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue #347, Boston, MA 02215
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Abstract

Andean scholars have long debated the nature of the relationship between two Middle Horizon (ca. A. D. 750-1000) Andean states; many assumed Tiwanaku dominated Wari and preceded Wari in time. Recent research at the Wari administrative center of Cerro Baúl in the only known region occupied by both states (the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru) indicates that Tiwanaku may not predate Wari in Moquegua and that, contrary to previous assertions, both states occupied the valley for the last three centuries of the Middle Horizon. In support of this position, I review recent excavations at Cerro Baúl. Then I present eight new 14C dates and summarize the evidence for two major construction episodes at Cerro Baúl. I interpret the local Wari construction chronology based on the 12 14C dates now available from excavation contexts and I suggest that the new data, in comparison with 24 published 14C dates from other Wari centers, support a later date for Middle Horizon 1B Wari expansion than previously postulated.

Resumen

Resumen

Los arqueólogos andinistas han venido discutiendo desde hace mucho tiempo la naturaleza de las relaciones entre los dos estados andinos principales del Horizonte Medio (750-1000 d. C.) asumiendo mayoritariamente que Tiwanaku dominó a Wari y que lo precedió en el tiempo. Investigaciones recientes en el centro administrativo Wari de Cerro Baúl, en el valle de Moquegua en el sur del Perú, la única región conocida por haber sido ocupada por los dos estados, indican que Tiwanaku no precedió a Wari en Moquegua y, contrariamente a aserciones previas, que los dos habían ocupado el valle durante los últimos tres siglos del Horizonte Medio. En apoyo de esta posición, evalúo excavaciones recientes en Cerro Baúl que incluyen exploraciones en los sectores públicos y residenciales. Las investigaciones revelan evidencias de fuertes conexiones con la capital Wari, y evidencias en contextos ceremoniales de interacción entre Wari y Tiwanaku. Presento a continuación ocho nuevas fechas 14C y resumo la evidencia de dos episodios principales de construcción en Cerro Baúl. Interpreto la cronología constructiva Wari local en base a 12 fechas 14C disponibles de contextos excavados en el sitio y sugiero que los nuevos datos, en comparación con 24 fechas 14C publicadas de otros centros Wari, apoyan fechas más tardías par la expansión durante la Epoca 1B, con una duración de influencia imperial Wari hasta fines del primer milenio d. C.

Type
Reports
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 2001 , pp. 67 - 83
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2001

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